Phonological Processes

Question 1

Backing

Answer 1

When front (e.g. alvoelar sounds) are substituted with further back sounds
Seen in more severe cases of language delays and is NOT a typical process

Question 1

Fronting

Answer 1

When back sounds (e.g. velar) substituted with forward sounds (e.g. alveolar)
Approx gone by 3.5 years

Question 2

Gliding

Answer 2

When /r/ becomes a /w/, and /l/ becomes a /w/ or y sound
Approx gone by 6 years

Question 3

Stopping

Answer 3

When a fricative or affricate is substituted with a stop consonant like /p/ or /d/
/f/ and /s/ gone by 3, th gone by 5

Question 4

Vowelization

Answer 4

When the /l/ or er sounds are replaced with a vowel

Question 5

Affrication

Answer 5

When a nonaffricate is replaced with an affricate
Gone by 3

Question 6

Deaffrication

Answer 6

When an affricate is replaced with a fricative or stop
Gone by 4

Question 7

Alveolarization

Answer 7

When a nonalveolar sound is substituted with an alveolar sound
Gone by 5

Question 8

Depalatalization

Answer 8

When a palatal sound is substituted with a nonpalatal sound
Gone by 5

Question 9

Labialization

Answer 9

When a nonlabial sound is replaced with a labial sound
Gone by 6

Question 10

Assimilation

Answer 10

When a consonant sound starts to sound like another sound in the word
Gone by 3

Question 11

Denasalization

Answer 11

When a nasal consonant changes to a non nasal consonant
Gone by 2.5

Question 12

Final Consonant Devoicing

Answer 12

When a voiced consonant at the end of a word is substituted with a voiceless consonants
Gone by 3

Question 13

Prevocalic Voicing

Answer 13

When a voiceless consonant in the beginning of a word is substituted with a voiced consonant
Gone by 6

Question 14

Coalescence

Answer 14

When two phonemes are substituted with a different phoneme that still has similar features e.g. foon for spoon

Question 15

Reduplication

Answer 15

When a complete or incomplete syllable is repeated e.g. baba for bottle
Gone by 3

Question 16

Cluster Reduction

Answer 16

When a consonant cluster is reduced to a single consonant e.g. pane for plane
Age gone depends on cluster type (4-8)

Question 17

Final Consonant Deletion

Answer 17

When the final consonant in a word is left of e.g. toe for toad
Gone by 3

Question 18

Initial Consonant Deletion

Answer 18

When the initial consonant in a word is left of e.g. unny for bunny
Seen in more severe phonological delays

Question 19

Weak Syllable Deletion

Answer 19

When the weak syllable in a word is deleted e.g. nana for banana
Gone by 4

Question 20

Epenthesis

Answer 20

When a sound is added between two consonants, typically the uh sound e.g. bu-lue for blue
Gone by 8

Question 21

What are the three different types of phonological processes?

Answer 21

1. Syllable structure process
2. Substitution process
3. Assimilation process

Question 22

What is the definition of the ‘syllable structure process?

Answer 22

Omission or transposition of sounds or syllables

Question 23

What is the definition of the substitution process?

Answer 23

Sound replacement patterns

Question 24

What is the definition of the assimilation process?

Answer 24

Interaction between sounds and syllables.