Phonological Processes Flashcards
Backing
When front (e.g. alvoelar sounds) are substituted with further back sounds
Seen in more severe cases of language delays and is NOT a typical process
Fronting
When back sounds (e.g. velar) substituted with forward sounds (e.g. alveolar)
Approx gone by 3.5 years
Gliding
When /r/ becomes a /w/, and /l/ becomes a /w/ or y sound
Approx gone by 6 years
Stopping
When a fricative or affricate is substituted with a stop consonant like /p/ or /d/
/f/ and /s/ gone by 3, th gone by 5
Vowelization
When the /l/ or er sounds are replaced with a vowel
Affrication
When a nonaffricate is replaced with an affricate
Gone by 3
Deaffrication
When an affricate is replaced with a fricative or stop
Gone by 4
Alveolarization
When a nonalveolar sound is substituted with an alveolar sound
Gone by 5
Depalatalization
When a palatal sound is substituted with a nonpalatal sound
Gone by 5
Labialization
When a nonlabial sound is replaced with a labial sound
Gone by 6
Assimilation
When a consonant sound starts to sound like another sound in the word
Gone by 3
Denasalization
When a nasal consonant changes to a non nasal consonant
Gone by 2.5
Final Consonant Devoicing
When a voiced consonant at the end of a word is substituted with a voiceless consonants
Gone by 3
Prevocalic Voicing
When a voiceless consonant in the beginning of a word is substituted with a voiced consonant
Gone by 6
Coalescence
When two phonemes are substituted with a different phoneme that still has similar features e.g. foon for spoon
Reduplication
When a complete or incomplete syllable is repeated e.g. baba for bottle
Gone by 3
Cluster Reduction
When a consonant cluster is reduced to a single consonant e.g. pane for plane
Age gone depends on cluster type (4-8)
Final Consonant Deletion
When the final consonant in a word is left of e.g. toe for toad
Gone by 3
Initial Consonant Deletion
When the initial consonant in a word is left of e.g. unny for bunny
Seen in more severe phonological delays
Weak Syllable Deletion
When the weak syllable in a word is deleted e.g. nana for banana
Gone by 4
Epenthesis
When a sound is added between two consonants, typically the uh sound e.g. bu-lue for blue
Gone by 8
What are the three different types of phonological processes?
- Syllable structure process
- Substitution process
- Assimilation process
What is the definition of the ‘syllable structure process?
Omission or transposition of sounds or syllables
What is the definition of the substitution process?
Sound replacement patterns
What is the definition of the assimilation process?
Interaction between sounds and syllables.
