Linguistics - POS Flashcards
What are all of the parts of speech? (POS) x4 x5
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs (content/open class/lexical words)
Determiners, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and auxiliary verbs (function/closed class/grammatical words)
What does suffixation mean?
Refers to the end of a word
What does distribution mean?
Refers to the other words that occur in the context of the target word whose POS we are trying to determine
E.g. nouns can have the word the or a immediately before them: the cat sat on the mat
What are the different noun types?
Proper nouns and common nouns.
Common nouns can be further broken down into
1. count nouns
2. non-count nouns
3. concrete nouns
4. abstract nouns
5. collective nouns
What are proper nouns?
Refers to specific entities, tend to have a capital letter when written, typically don’t allow plurals e.g. Essex, United Kingdom
What are common nouns?
Less specific, don’t tend to capitalise, allows plurals e.g. cat, dog
What are count nouns?
Type of common noun.
Can count them individually e.g. books, flowers, dogs
What are non-count nouns?
Type of common noun.
Can’t be counted, no specific shape or boundary e.g. happiness, progress
What are concrete nouns?
Type of common noun.
Can touch them, tangible physical entities e.g. chair, table
What are abstract nouns?
Type of common noun.
Can’t touch them, includes concepts/feelings e.g. dream, sadness
What are collective nouns?
Type of common noun.
A group that acts like a single unit e.g. group, army, family
What is the definition of a noun?
A word which refers to people, places, things, ideas, or concepts.
What is the definition of a verb?
A word that generally conveys an action, an occurrence, or a state of being.
What are the two types of verbs and what are their definitions?
Full/lexical/main verbs (content words) e.g. walk
Auxiliary verbs (helping/supporting verbs) - accompany full verbs and provide e.g. could walk
What does a verb suffix do and what are the different types of tense? X4
Can change meaning or tense of the verb by adding a different ending
1. Third person singular, present tense e.g. she plays
2. Progressive e.g. she is playing (is - auxiliary verb)
3. Past tense e.g. she played
4. Past participle e.g. she has played (has - auxiliary verb)
What is a primary auxiliary verb and what are the two main examples?
Most common auxiliary verb type.
To be: I am, you are, you were etc.
To have: I have, we had