Phonetics Standard British Sounds Flashcards
Phonology
Study of patterns and rules of phonemes
Phoneme
The sound a listener hears and interprets
Phonetics
Study of the sounds (phones) a speaker makes in their vocal tract
Phone
Sound produced by speaker and is transcribed using phonetic symbols
Articulatory phonetics
How the organs of speech are involved in the production of sounds
Acoustic phonetics
The physical properties of sounds produced
What is the International Phonetic Alphabet
A set of symbols which represent the sounds (phones) of spoken language
What is Bilabial articulation
Two lips
what is alveolar articulation
Alveolar ridge
What is velar articulation
Hard palette
What is post alveolar articulation
Back of alveolar ridge in the middle of mouth
what is dental articulation
Teeth
What are the three ways to describe consonants
-voicing vocal fold vibration
-place where airway obstructed
-manner how airway is obstructed
What does abducted mean in terms of vocal folds
Open vocal folds
What does adducted mean in terms of vocal folds
Closed vocal folds
What does place of articulation mean
The point in the vocal tract at which airflow is most constrained
What is a passive articulator
Fixed
What is an active articulator
Move towards them
What does manner of articulation mean
The way in which the airflow is obstructed and directed in order to produce a constant sound
Plosive / stop
A complete stop of airflow somewhere in the oral cavity, therefore a build up of pressure which is released explosively
Nasal
The velum lowers to allow airflow through the nasal cavity
Affricate
Begin like plosives at first as the articulators close to form a blockage in the mouth instead of suddenly releasing into a plosive, the active articulator moves gradually to open up a small gap
Fricative
Involves a narrow constriction in the oral cavity (not enough to stop the airflow but narrow enough to cause turbulence which we hear as the fricative sound) can be prolonged, high frequency, hissing kind of noise
Approximate
These have the least constriction of the consonant types, even at the closest point the gap is still big enough for the air to get through without causing fricative turbulence
