Phonation Flashcards
Define phonation
The production of sound by modulating the movement of air through the vocal cords of the larynx
Why is phonation needed?
to produce the vowels and voiced consonants which make up 2/3rds of the english language
What are the conditions for phonation?
- flow of air from lungs
- adduction of vocal folds
- tension in vocal folds
What is the aerodynamic myoelastic theory?
- air comes up from lungs
- vocal folds adduct
- subglottal pressure builds until it exceeds force of muscle tension used to adduct vocal folds
- small amount of air rushes through vocal folds and sublottal pressure falls again
What is the Bernoulli effect?
High velocity air or liquid causes low pressure, which pushes/pulls objects
The rush of air escaping the vocal folds at high velocity causes low pressure, sucking the vocal folds back in together
What is the complex pattern of vocal fold movement?
- vocal folds open and close from bottom up
- complex vibration along length resulting in fundamental frequency and formants
- causes small puffs of air to be released in the vocal tract
Which muscles adduct the vocal folds?
- interarytenoids
- lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
What are the variants in voicing?
- frequency
- intensity
- quality
Define frequency
Number of vibrations per second, affecting what we perceive as pitch
How is frequency range determined?
By the resting length and thickness of vocal folds
Alterations in pitch depend on which parameters?
- length (max elongation about an extra 20%)
- thickness (can change by factor of 2)
- tension
How does length affect pitch?
increase length = increased pitch
How does thickness effect pitch?
increase thickness = decreased pitch
How does tension affect pitch?
increase tension = higher number of vibrations = increased pitch
What happens if you change one parameter of pitch?
the other 2 also change
