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Biomed > Mouth, tongue, and jaw > Flashcards

Mouth, tongue, and jaw Flashcards

1
Q

How can the healthy mouth be divided?

A
  1. vestibule - sulci between the lips/cheeks and the teeth
  2. oral cavity proper - the space inside and including the teeth
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2
Q

What are the main parts of the oral vestibule?

A
  1. buccal sulcus (between cheeks and teeth)
  2. gingivia (gums)
  3. labial sulcus (between lips and teeth)
  4. lining mucosa
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3
Q

What are the main parts of the mouth?

A
  1. vermillion border (edge of lips)
  2. uvula
  3. palatoglossal arch
  4. palatopharyngeal arch
  5. soft palate
  6. palatine tonsil
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4
Q

What key clinical issues can affect the mouth?

A
  1. oral thrush
  2. poor oral hygiene and aspiration pneumonia risk
  3. radiotherapy changes
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5
Q

What are the important features of the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A
  1. lingual tonsil
  2. sulcus terminalis
  3. filiform papillae
  4. fungiform papillae
  5. circumvallate
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6
Q

What does the sulcus terminalis do?

A

divides the tongue into posterior and anterior

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7
Q

What are papillae?

A

little bumps on the tongue to help grip food while chewing. some contain taste buds

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8
Q

What are the different papillae on the dorsal tongue and their roles?

A
  1. circumvallate - contain taste buds
  2. fungiform - contain taste buds
  3. filiform - no taste buds
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9
Q

What are the main features on the ventral surface of the tongue?

A
  1. lining mucosa
  2. lingual veins
  3. lingual frenulum
  4. sublingual papillae
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10
Q

What do the sublingual papillae do?

A

allow saliva to drain into the oral cavity

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11
Q

What is ankyloglossia?

A

a short frenulum - tongue tie

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12
Q

What are the sets of muscles in the tongue?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic

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13
Q

What are the features of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  1. attach to the skull and tongue
  2. change the position of the tongue
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14
Q

What are the features of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  1. both attachments are within the tongue
  2. change the shape of the tongue
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15
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  1. palatoglossus
  2. styloglossus
  3. genioglossus
  4. hyoglossus
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16
Q

What is the CN innervation of the palatoglossus muscle?

A

CNX - vagus

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17
Q

What is the CN innervation of the styloglossus muscle?

A

CNXII - hypoglossal

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18
Q

What is the CN innervation of the hyoglossus muscle?

A

CNXII - hypoglossal

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19
Q

What is the CN innervation of the genioglossus?

A

CNXII - hypoglossal

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20
Q

What is the action of the palatoglossus muscle?

A

elevates posterior tongue and depresses soft palate

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21
Q

What is the action of the styloglossus muscle?

A

retracts tongue and elevates sides of tongue

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22
Q

What is the action of the genioglossus muscle?

A

wide range of action, protrudes, flattens

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23
Q

What is the action of the hyoglossus muscle?

A

depresses tongue and sides of tongue

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24
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  1. superior longitudinal
  2. inferior longitudinal
  3. transverse
  4. vertical
25
Which CN innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
CNXII - hypoglossal
26
What is the action of the superior longitudinal muscle?
shortens tongue and curls apex upwards
27
What is the action of the inferior longitudinal muscle?
shortens tongue and curls apex downwards
28
What is the action of the transverse muscle?
narrows and lengthens tongue
29
What is the action of the vertical muscle?
broadens and flattens
30
Which CN provides motor innervation to tongue?
hypoglossal - XII
31
Which CNs give sensory innervation to tongue?
1. glossopharyngeal (IX) - supplies all posterior sensation 2. Chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve VII) - supplies taste and sensation to anterior 2/3 3. lingual (V3 of trigeminal) - supplies sensation to anterior 2/3
32
Which key clinical issues can affect the tongue?
1. glossectomy 2. neurological events
33
What are the key features of the hard palate?
1. alveolar ridge 2. rugae 3. tightly bound oral masticatory mucosa
34
What is thought to be the function of the rugae?
friction for control when pushing bolus through oral cavity
35
What are the main muscles of the soft palate?
1. levator veli palatini 2. tensor veli palatini 3. palatoglossus 4. palatopharyngeus
36
What is the action of the levator veli palatini?
elevates the soft palate
37
What is the action of the tensor veli palatini?
tenses soft palate
38
What is the action of the palatopharyngeus?
depresses soft palate
39
How is the levator veli palatini related to the ear?
When eating and chewing, it contracts, opening the auditory tube and allowing it to drain, and equalises the pressure in the middle ear
40
What key clinical issues can affect the palate?
1. cleft lip and palate 2. velopalatal insufficiency 3. palatal resection
41
What are the movements of the TMJ?
1. rotate (axis through condyle) - relatively small amount of movement 2. slide - head of condyle moves onto articular eminence
42
What are the key parts of the mandible?
1. coronoid process 2. ondylar process 3. head 4. neck 5. ramus 6. angle 7. body
43
What are the main parts of the TMJ?
1. glenoid cavity 2. articular disc 3. articular eminence 4. lateral pterygoid 5. condylar process
44
What is the function of the articular disc?
1. attaches lateral pterygoid muscle to posterior aspect of joint 2. pulled forward by lateral pteryoid to stabilise joint when head of condyle is on articular eminence
45
What are the main ligaments of the TMJ?
1. temperomandibular/lateral 2. stylomandibular 3. sphenomandibular
46
What is the main role of TMJ ligaments?
proprioception and define range of movement
47
What key clinical issues can affect TMJ?
1. TMJ dysfunction 2. abscess/infection 3. trismus
48
What are the muscles of mastication?
1. 2 superficial muscles - masseter and temporalis 2. 2 deep muscles - medial and lateral pterygoid muscle
49
What CN supplies muscles of mastication?
motor branches of V3 trigeminal
50
What are the features of the temporalis?
1. elevates and retracts the mandible 2. attached to lateral aspect of skull and coronoid process of mandible
51
What are the features of the masseter?
1. powerful elevator of mandible 2. attached to zygomatic arch and lateral aspect of mandibular ramus
52
What is the role of the lateral pterygoid?
protrudes mandible
53
Which muscles depress the mandible?
Suprahyoid and infrahyoid
53
How is the mandible depressed?
1. infrahyoid and suprahyoid contract together 2. hyoid bone stabilised 3. suprahyoids pull down on mandible 4. lateral pterygoids protrude mandible 5. results in movement forwards and down
54
Which other muscles are involved in mastication?
1. buccinator 2. obicularis oris 3. tongue
54
What is a good tooth position?
1. upper molars overhang lower by half a tooth 2. upper incisors overhang lower by 2mm
55
What is the normal range of movement in speech?
1. no lateral excursion 2. open 2cm 3. protrusion less than 1cm 4. retraction less than 1cm
56
What are the key clinical issues affecting the muscles of mastication?
1. mandibulectomy/maxillectomy 2. anscess/infection 3. neurological events

Biomed (29 decks)

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