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Biomed > Mouth, tongue, and jaw > Flashcards

Mouth, tongue, and jaw Flashcards

1
Q

How can the healthy mouth be divided?

A
  1. vestibule - sulci between the lips/cheeks and the teeth
  2. oral cavity proper - the space inside and including the teeth
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2
Q

What are the main parts of the oral vestibule?

A
  1. buccal sulcus (between cheeks and teeth)
  2. gingivia (gums)
  3. labial sulcus (between lips and teeth)
  4. lining mucosa
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3
Q

What are the main parts of the mouth?

A
  1. vermillion border (edge of lips)
  2. uvula
  3. palatoglossal arch
  4. palatopharyngeal arch
  5. soft palate
  6. palatine tonsil
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4
Q

What key clinical issues can affect the mouth?

A
  1. oral thrush
  2. poor oral hygiene and aspiration pneumonia risk
  3. radiotherapy changes
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5
Q

What are the important features of the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A
  1. lingual tonsil
  2. sulcus terminalis
  3. filiform papillae
  4. fungiform papillae
  5. circumvallate
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6
Q

What does the sulcus terminalis do?

A

divides the tongue into posterior and anterior

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7
Q

What are papillae?

A

little bumps on the tongue to help grip food while chewing. some contain taste buds

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8
Q

What are the different papillae on the dorsal tongue and their roles?

A
  1. circumvallate - contain taste buds
  2. fungiform - contain taste buds
  3. filiform - no taste buds
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9
Q

What are the main features on the ventral surface of the tongue?

A
  1. lining mucosa
  2. lingual veins
  3. lingual frenulum
  4. sublingual papillae
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10
Q

What do the sublingual papillae do?

A

allow saliva to drain into the oral cavity

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11
Q

What is ankyloglossia?

A

a short frenulum - tongue tie

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12
Q

What are the sets of muscles in the tongue?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic

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13
Q

What are the features of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  1. attach to the skull and tongue
  2. change the position of the tongue
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14
Q

What are the features of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  1. both attachments are within the tongue
  2. change the shape of the tongue
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15
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  1. palatoglossus
  2. styloglossus
  3. genioglossus
  4. hyoglossus
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16
Q

What is the CN innervation of the palatoglossus muscle?

A

CNX - vagus

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17
Q

What is the CN innervation of the styloglossus muscle?

A

CNXII - hypoglossal

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18
Q

What is the CN innervation of the hyoglossus muscle?

A

CNXII - hypoglossal

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19
Q

What is the CN innervation of the genioglossus?

A

CNXII - hypoglossal

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20
Q

What is the action of the palatoglossus muscle?

A

elevates posterior tongue and depresses soft palate

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21
Q

What is the action of the styloglossus muscle?

A

retracts tongue and elevates sides of tongue

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22
Q

What is the action of the genioglossus muscle?

A

wide range of action, protrudes, flattens

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23
Q

What is the action of the hyoglossus muscle?

A

depresses tongue and sides of tongue

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24
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  1. superior longitudinal
  2. inferior longitudinal
  3. transverse
  4. vertical
25
Q

Which CN innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

CNXII - hypoglossal

26
Q

What is the action of the superior longitudinal muscle?

A

shortens tongue and curls apex upwards

27
Q

What is the action of the inferior longitudinal muscle?

A

shortens tongue and curls apex downwards

28
Q

What is the action of the transverse muscle?

A

narrows and lengthens tongue

29
Q

What is the action of the vertical muscle?

A

broadens and flattens

30
Q

Which CN provides motor innervation to tongue?

A

hypoglossal - XII

31
Q

Which CNs give sensory innervation to tongue?

A
  1. glossopharyngeal (IX) - supplies all posterior sensation
  2. Chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve VII) - supplies taste and sensation to anterior 2/3
  3. lingual (V3 of trigeminal) - supplies sensation to anterior 2/3
32
Q

Which key clinical issues can affect the tongue?

A
  1. glossectomy
  2. neurological events
33
Q

What are the key features of the hard palate?

A
  1. alveolar ridge
  2. rugae
  3. tightly bound oral masticatory mucosa
34
Q

What is thought to be the function of the rugae?

A

friction for control when pushing bolus through oral cavity

35
Q

What are the main muscles of the soft palate?

A
  1. levator veli palatini
  2. tensor veli palatini
  3. palatoglossus
  4. palatopharyngeus
36
Q

What is the action of the levator veli palatini?

A

elevates the soft palate

37
Q

What is the action of the tensor veli palatini?

A

tenses soft palate

38
Q

What is the action of the palatopharyngeus?

A

depresses soft palate

39
Q

How is the levator veli palatini related to the ear?

A

When eating and chewing, it contracts, opening the auditory tube and allowing it to drain, and equalises the pressure in the middle ear

40
Q

What key clinical issues can affect the palate?

A
  1. cleft lip and palate
  2. velopalatal insufficiency
  3. palatal resection
41
Q

What are the movements of the TMJ?

A
  1. rotate (axis through condyle) - relatively small amount of movement
  2. slide - head of condyle moves onto articular eminence
42
Q

What are the key parts of the mandible?

A
  1. coronoid process
  2. ondylar process
  3. head
  4. neck
  5. ramus
  6. angle
  7. body
43
Q

What are the main parts of the TMJ?

A
  1. glenoid cavity
  2. articular disc
  3. articular eminence
  4. lateral pterygoid
  5. condylar process
44
Q

What is the function of the articular disc?

A
  1. attaches lateral pterygoid muscle to posterior aspect of joint
  2. pulled forward by lateral pteryoid to stabilise joint when head of condyle is on articular eminence
45
Q

What are the main ligaments of the TMJ?

A
  1. temperomandibular/lateral
  2. stylomandibular
  3. sphenomandibular
46
Q

What is the main role of TMJ ligaments?

A

proprioception and define range of movement

47
Q

What key clinical issues can affect TMJ?

A
  1. TMJ dysfunction
  2. abscess/infection
  3. trismus
48
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A
  1. 2 superficial muscles - masseter and temporalis
  2. 2 deep muscles - medial and lateral pterygoid muscle
49
Q

What CN supplies muscles of mastication?

A

motor branches of V3 trigeminal

50
Q

What are the features of the temporalis?

A
  1. elevates and retracts the mandible
  2. attached to lateral aspect of skull and coronoid process of mandible
51
Q

What are the features of the masseter?

A
  1. powerful elevator of mandible
  2. attached to zygomatic arch and lateral aspect of mandibular ramus
52
Q

What is the role of the lateral pterygoid?

A

protrudes mandible

53
Q

Which muscles depress the mandible?

A

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid

53
Q

How is the mandible depressed?

A
  1. infrahyoid and suprahyoid contract together
  2. hyoid bone stabilised
  3. suprahyoids pull down on mandible
  4. lateral pterygoids protrude mandible
  5. results in movement forwards and down
54
Q

Which other muscles are involved in mastication?

A
  1. buccinator
  2. obicularis oris
  3. tongue
54
Q

What is a good tooth position?

A
  1. upper molars overhang lower by half a tooth
  2. upper incisors overhang lower by 2mm
55
Q

What is the normal range of movement in speech?

A
  1. no lateral excursion
  2. open 2cm
  3. protrusion less than 1cm
  4. retraction less than 1cm
56
Q

What are the key clinical issues affecting the muscles of mastication?

A
  1. mandibulectomy/maxillectomy
  2. anscess/infection
  3. neurological events

Biomed (29 decks)

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