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Biomed > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What are specialised cells?

A

Cells with a specific shape and/or function

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2
Q

How many cell types are in the body?

A

Around 200

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3
Q

How are cells specialised?

A

The structure and function of the cell is determined by the different proteins expressed by the cell

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4
Q

What are the two main types of protein in the body?

A
  1. Structural proteins (create and build structure - e.g. keratin, collagen)
  2. Globular proteins (allow functions - e.g. antibody)
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5
Q

How often do gastrointestinal epithelial cells divide?

A

Every 3-4 days

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6
Q

How often do basal skin cells divide?

A

Every 10-30 days

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7
Q

How often to neurons divide?

A

Rarely if ever

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8
Q

What body cells can produce gametes?

A

testes cells and ovary cells

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9
Q

What are the main functions of RNA?

A
  1. Copy DNA instructions so proteins can be made
  2. Build new proteins in cytoplasm
  3. Form ribosomes
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10
Q

Define gene

A

Part of a DNA molecule that codes for a particular protein

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11
Q

How many genes do humans have?

A

20,000-25,000 spread across the chromosomes

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12
Q

How much of DNA is coding?

A

Around 2%

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13
Q

How much DNA is non coding?

A

around 98%

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14
Q

What does the genome consist of?

A

All of the DNA in the nucleus and the mitochondria

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15
Q

How is a protein’s structure and function determined?

A

By the order of the amino acids

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16
Q

Define genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an individual

17
Q

Define phenotype

A

The characteristics expressed by the individual influenced by both the genotype and the environment

18
Q

What is Huntington’s disease?

A
  1. Autosomal dominant conditions
  2. Alleles are on chromosome 4
  3. Causes neurodegeneration
19
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A
  1. Autosomal recessive disease
  2. Alleles are on chromosome 7
  3. mutation in CTFR causes faulty CTFR protein leading to excessive mucous in lungs and digestive tract
20
Q

Define epigenetics

A

The study of how behaviours and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work

Biomed (29 decks)

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