Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Define homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a stable internal environment within a set range despite a changing external environment and varying internal activity using negative feedback mechanisms

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2
Q

What is the normal physiological range for body temp?

A

36.1-38

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3
Q

What is the normal physiological range for heart rate?

A

51-90 BPM

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4
Q

What is the normal physiological range for breathing rate?

A

12-20 breaths per min

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5
Q

What is the normal physiological range for blood O2 saturation?

A

96-100%

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6
Q

What is a negative feedback loop?

A

If the value of the regulated system is disturbed, the system functions to restore it towards its set point value

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7
Q

What does the medulla oblongata control?

A
  1. Breathing
  2. Heart rate
  3. Blood pressure
  4. Chemo-sensors for CO2
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8
Q

What does the hypothalamus control?

A
  1. temperature
  2. water balance (through ADH)
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9
Q

What are the main three factors that are regulated?

A
  1. thermoregulation
  2. chemoregulation
  3. glucoregulation
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10
Q

How does hypoglycaemia affect the body?

A
  1. affects CNS
  2. can lead to confusion, fatigue, seizure, coma, death
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11
Q

How does hyperglycaemia affect the body?

A
  1. damages microvasculature (eyes, kidneys, nerves)
  2. damages macrovasculature (lining of large blood vessels)
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12
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

Magnifies the original response instead of correcting it (e.g. clotting after wound, cervical stretching in childbirth)

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