Philippine Constitution

Question 1

set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. It symbolizes the country’s freedom and independence

Answer 1

Constitution

Question 2

1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato 1899 Malolos Constitution Acts of the United States Congress (Philippine Organic Act of 1902, Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, and Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934), 1935 Constitution 1943 Constitution 1973 Constitution 1986 Freedom Constitution 1987 Constitution

Answer 2

Evolution of the Constitution

Question 3

Also known as: Constitución Provisional de la República de Filipinas; Written by: Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer; Promulgated by: Katipunan; Effectivity: November 1, 1897 to December 14, 1897; Government: Republic of Biak-na-Bato (República de Biac-na- Bató); When: November 1, 1897; Where: Biak-na-Bato in the town of San Miguel de Mayumo in Bulacan; Details: The Tejeros Convention held at San Francisco de Malabon in Cavite on March 22, 1897; Officials: First President of the Philippines: Emilio Aguinaldo; First Vice President of the Philippines: Mariano Trias;

Answer 3

1987 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato

Question 4

The separation of the Philippines from the Spanish monarchy and their formation into an independent state with its own government called the Philippine Republic has been the end sought by the Revolution in the existing war, begun on the 24th of August, 1896; and therefore, in its name and by the power delegated by the Filipino people, interpreting faithfully their desires and ambitions, we, the representatives of the Revolution, in a meeting at Biac-na-bato, Nov. 1st. 1897, unanimously adopt the following articles for the Constitution of the State.

Answer 4

Statement of the 1987 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato

Question 5

Also known as: Political Constitution of 1899; Government: basic law of the First Philippine Republic whose form of government was unitary semi-presidential constitutional; Effectivity: January 23, 1899 to March 23, 1901; Promulgation: Malolos Congress, January 21, 1899; Written by: Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino; When: after the declaration of Philippine independence from Spain on 12 June 1898; Features: declaration of sovereignty of the people, the enumeration of the basic civil rights, the separation of the Church and State, creation of an Assembly of Representatives to act as the legislative body; parliamentary republic as the form of government.

Answer 5

1899 Malolos Constitution

Question 6

We, the Representatives of the Filipino people, lawfully convened, in order to establish justice, provide for common defense, promote the general welfare, and ensure the benefits of liberty, imploring the aid of the Sovereign Legislator of the Universe for the attainment of these ends, have voted, decreed, and sanctioned the following

Answer 6

Statement of the 1899 Malolos Constitution

Question 7

Effectivity: December 10, 1898 to March 24, 1934; Nature:provided for the fundamental political principles and established the structure, procedures, powers and duties of the Philippine government

Answer 7

Acts of the United States Congress

Question 8

Also known as: Philippine Bill of 1902; Nature:the first organic law enacted by the US Congress for the Philippines Provisions: Philippine Assembly, and a bicameral legislature composed of a Philippine Commission (upper house) and the Philippine Assembly (lower house); enumerated the bill of rights for the Filipinos; appointment of two non-voting Filipino Resident Commissioners of the Philippines that would represent the Philippines in the US House of Representatives

Answer 8

Philippine Organic Act of 1902

Question 9

Also known as: Jones Law Provisions: amended the structure of the Philippine government that was provided for in the Philippine Bill of 1902; removed the Philippine Commission (upper house) and replaced it with the Senate whose members were elected by the Filipino voters Effects: the Philippines’ first fully elected national legislature came into being explicit expression of the United States to grant the Philippines its independence as soon as a stable Philippine government would be established

Answer 9

Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916

Question 10

When: March 24, 1934 Nature: allowed the Filipino nation to have a self-government ten-year transition period was granted by this Act so that Filipinos could be prepared for self-government and full independence could not be considered as a constitution, but still a very important document which provided authority and defined mechanisms for the establishment of a formal constitution via a constitutional convention

Answer 10

Tydings-Mcduffle Act of 1934

Question 11

United States recognized Philippine independence in the Treaty of Manila

Answer 11

July 4, 1946

Question 12

Philippine-American friendship day is celebrated to commemorate the Philippine independence from the United States of America

Answer 12

4th of July

Question 13

Effectivity: Commonwealth era (1935-1946), until the Third Republic (July 4, 1946 January 16, 1973); Promulgation: 1934 Constitutional Convention; When: 1934; Goal: meeting the United States’ expectation of political maturity among Philippine leaders so that a full and real independence could be granted by the US;

Answer 13

1935 Philippine Constitution

Question 14

Started with the granting of Philippine independence from US domination on July 4, 1946 to Roxas Administration (1946-48), Quirino Administration (1948-53), Magsaysay Administration (1953-57), Garcia Administration (1957-61), and Macapagal Administration (1961-65).

Answer 14

Third Republic

Question 15

Form of government during Commonwealth Period with the president serving a six-year term without reelection; provided for a unicameral National Assembly

Answer 15

Presidential system

Question 16

1940; composed of a Senate and House of Representatives; independent electoral commission; President’s term was changed from six years without reelection to a four-year term with a maximum of two consecutive terms in office

Answer 16

Bicameral Congress of the Philippines

Question 17

the 1935 Constitution was still in operation, the form of government of the Philippines was Unitary Presidential Constitutional Republic

Answer 17

Third Republic

Question 18

1947; provision between the American and the Filipino citizens; provision of the Parity Rights between the American and the Filipino citizens;

Answer 18

Parity Rights

Question 19

1971; held to rewrite or revise the 1935 Constitution; so much corruption marred the process

Answer 19

Constitutional Convention

Question 20

1972; Suspended the 1935 constitution

Answer 20

Proclamation of Martial Law

Question 21

Effectivity: October 14, 1943 to August 17, 1945 in Japanese-controlled Areas Promulgation: Preparatory Committee for Philippine Independence during the Japanese Occupation Ratification: KALIBAPI, Manila When: September 7, 1943

Answer 21

1943 Constitution

Question 22

Nature: single-party authoritarian republic President: José P. Laurel Inauguration: October 14, 1943 Speaker of the National Assembly: Benigno Simeon Aquino Sr. Dissolved: following the surrender of Japan in World War II

Answer 22

Second Republic

Question 23

Promulgation: 1973 Constitutional Convention, after Narcis declared Martial Law Effectivity: January 17, 1973 to February 22, 1986 Nature:

Answer 23

1973 Constitution

Question 24

January 17, 1973 to February 22, 1986;

Answer 24

Fourth Philippine Republic

Question 25

members were elected for a six-year term of office; The President was elected from among the members of the national Assembly for a six- year term and eligible for reelections; The elected president will serve only as purely ceremonial head of state; Executive power was exercised by the Prime Minister who was also elected from amongst the members of the national assembly; The Prime Minister was the head of government and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces

Answer 25

Unicameral Legislature

Question 26

the Interim National Assembly was replaced by the Interim Batasang Pambansa; the President would also become the Prime Minister and would exercise legislative powers until the lifting of the Martial Law; the President can legislate on his own on an “emergency” basis

Answer 26

1976 amendments

Question 27

retirement age of the members of the judiciary was extended to 70 years

Answer 27

1980 amendment

Question 28

the false parliamentary system was formally modified into a French-style semi-presidential system were: executive power was restored to the President; direct election of the President was restored; executive Committee composed of the Prime Minister and not more than 14 members was created to “assist the President in the exercise of his powers and functions and in the performance of his duties as he may prescribe,” Prime Minister was a mere head of the Cabinet

Answer 28

1981 amendments

Question 29

abolished the Executive Committee and restored the position of Vice-President

Answer 29

1984 amendment

Question 30

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Divine Providence, in order to establish a Government that shall embody our ideals, promote the general welfare, conserve and develop the patrimony of our Nation, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of democracy under a regime of justice, peace, liberty, and equality, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.

Answer 30

Statement of the 1973 Constitution

Question 31

Also known as: Proclamation No. 3; Issuance: after the 1986 People Power Revolution that compelled President Marcos to step down from power; Nature: provisional constitution; Provisions: adopted from the 1973 Constitution; Powers: government reorganization, removal of officials, appointment of a commission to draft a new and more formal Constitution, which upon ratification, would supplant the Freedom Constitution.

Answer 31

1986 Freedom Constitution

Question 32

Whereas, the new government was installed through a direct exercise of the power of the Filipino people assisted by units of the new armed forces of the Philippines; whereas, the heroic action of the people was done in defiance of the provisions of the 1973 constitution, as amended; Whereas, the direct mandate of the people as manifested by their extraordinary action demands the complete reorganization of the government, restoration of democracy, protection of basic rights, rebuilding of confidence in the entire governmental system, eradication of graft and corruption, restoration of peace and order, maintenance of the supremacy of civilian authority over the military, and the transition to a government under a new constitution in the shortest time possible; Whereas, during the period of transition to a new constitution it must be guaranteed that the government will respect basic human rights and fundamental freedoms; WHEREFORE, I, CORAZON C. AQUINO, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the sovereign mandate of the people, do hereby promulgate the following Provisional Constitution.

Answer 32

Statement of the 1986 Constitution

Question 33

Who: constitutional assembly that was mandated in Proclamation No. 3; Final Draft: October 12, 1986 Ratification: February 8, 1987 Operation: since 1987, during the administration of Cory Aquino (1986-1992), Fidel Ramos (1992-1998), Joseph Estrada (1998-2001), Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001-2010), Benigno Aquino III (2010-2016), and the current administration of Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016-present)

Answer 33

1987 Constitution

Question 34

composed fifty members appointed by President Corazon Aquino from various backgrounds:former members of the House of Representatives, former justices of the Supreme Court, a Roman Catholic bishop, and political activists against the Marcos regime.

Answer 34

The Commission

Question 35

former Associate Chief Justice of the Supreme Court was elected by the commission as its president.

Answer 35

Cecilia Muñoz-Palma

Question 36

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.

Answer 36

Statement of the 1987 Constitution