Cultural Communities in Mindanao

Question 1

Indigenous Cultural Communities; Believed to make up 10% of the national population; Also known as cultural minorities; Do not possess money or private property; Struggle to protect their ancestral domain and cultural identity; Non-Muslim or non-Christian; The orientation of their cultural developments appears to be toward the Muslim groups

Answer 1

Lumad

Question 2

Year when fifteen of the more than eighteenth ICC in Mindanao adopted the term lumad

Answer 2

1989

Question 3

a Bisayan word for native or indigenous

Answer 3

The term lumad

Question 4

Lived in the southwest highlands of Mindanao; Also known as Dulangan and Tudag; Mostly Christians and have been largely assimilated and their traditional culture has disappeared

Answer 4

Cotabato Manobo

Question 5

Live in a very mountainous region of Mindanao between the upper Pulangi and Davao rivers; Characterized by strict incest prohibitions, the formation and vengeance groups and the production of long epic poems called tuwaang

Answer 5

Bagobo

Question 6

Influenced by Christianity, plantations and were largely assimilated

Answer 6

Coastal Bagobo

Question 7

Practiced slash and burn agriculture and derived about 25 percent of their food from hunting, gathering and fishing

Answer 7

Upland Bagobo

Question 8

Lives in south-central Mindanao; Balud, Baraan, Bilanes, Biraan, Blann, Buluan, Buluanes, Tagalagad, Takogan, Tumanao, Vilanes; Live in houses scattered among gardens and are also ruled by date Wrap their dead inside tree barks; The dead person’s body in then suspended from treetops

Answer 8

Bilaanor or Blaan

Question 9

Lives in the highlands of north-central Mindanao; Farmers who raised corn, rice, sweet potatoes, bananas, and coconuts; Used water buffalo to plow their fields; Many are assimilated and most are Catholics; Traditionalists live near the headwaters of the Pulangi Roveron the slopes of Mount Kitanglad or Mount Kalatungan; Used to live in communal houses with as many as fifty families but now they live in single-family houses

Answer 9

Bukidnon

Question 10

People live in the southern part of the province of Cotabato, in the area around Lake Sebu, west of the city General Santos; Practiced slash and burn agriculture; Rice, cassava and yams were the most important agricultural products

Answer 10

T’boli of Mindanao

Question 11

Most significant minority in the Philippines; Believers of Islam; Posses a culture which is different form that of Christian Filipinos which was greatly influenced by Islam; Scripture: Al-Qur’an

Answer 11

Muslims

Question 12

Complete submission to the will of Allah

Answer 12

Islam

Question 13

There is no god but the God; Mohammed is His messenger.

Answer 13

Creed of Muslims

Question 14

Refers to the people living in the Pulangi area, locatedin what are now North Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat and Maguindanao provinces; People of Flooded Plain; Named after the Sultanate or dynasty that ruled the area for several years; Largest group of Muslim Filipinos

Answer 14

Maguindanao

Question 15

People of the Lake; Their homeland is called Lanao or lake; Form the largest Muslim community and cultural minority in the Philippines; Their families are traditionally large and close-knot but feudal standing is in some parts still visible.; The position, wealth and land ownership of many of those considered from an ancestry of “royalty” still maintain some political position or prominence in their areas.; Traditionally been fishermen and farmers and lived in villages made up of a few households but the households have ben large with several families living together in a large unpartitioned house with people sleeping along the dwelling serving a communal kitchen.

Answer 15

Maranao

Question 16

Tau meaning man and Sug meaning current; People of the Current; Tausug may also mean brave people; The Tausug even before the arrival of Islam or Christianity and the people who promulgated their system of government, the Sulu Islands, where the Tausugs are found, had their own system of government; The Tausugs openly welcomed Islam and the system of government that came with it. This has bred to the establishment of the Sulu sultanate.

Answer 16

Tausug

Question 17

Consisting of five sub-groups including the Sama and the Badjao; Highly dispersed in the Sulu Archipelago; Considered boat-people, spending most of their time in constant movement throughout the islands in the area or living on the water

Answer 17

Sama

Question 18

Majority Muslim group in Basilan, south of Mindanao; Generally two spheres of belief integrating Islamic principles and traditional beliefs; Primarily under the Sulu Sultanate, but proving to be deliberately their own through the leadership of Datu Kalun; Settled in the region of Zamboanga City

Answer 18

Yakan

Question 19

Folk islam

Answer 19

Tradtional beliefs

Question 20

Origin of the ethnic groups within the Laao del Sur to the Maguindanao areas; Fought under the Maguindanao sultanate; Many sultants of Maguindanao were said to have been from the Iranuns.

Answer 20

Ilanon or Iranun

Question 21

Means half-breeds and were originally from Subanon tribes; Coming into Islam through intermarriage with Muslim communities; Live the Subanon organization and language; All peoples who have accepted Islam through intermarriage

Answer 21

Kolibugan

Question 22

Balut Sarangani [arts pf South Cotabato and Davao Del Sur provinces; Come from Sanghe (islands in Indonesia between the Celebes); Origin of the name: Sanghe; People who were already Muslims before the came to Philippine shores; Known for their boat making; Said to be the buccaneers who attacked Spanish territories in other parts of the Philippines

Answer 22

Sangil

Question 23

Mostly found in the Davao provinces; Islamization was achieved through the arrival of the Maguindaon and the Tausug; Kalagan became marginalized and with less improvement when the Maguindaons and the Tausugs left

Answer 23

Kalagan

Question 24

Islamized through the Sulu sultanate through the Tausug who went there to introduce to Islam to the local people

Answer 24

Muslim Inhabitants of Palawan (Panimusan)

Question 25

Mostly located on the island of Cagan de Sulu; Oriented towards a land-based existence than most Sama groups; Heavily oriented towards maritime trade emphasizing copra and poorest products; Lies both on the cast and in the interior of their patrilineal inheritance of titles; Political structure revolves around the Sultanate, but there is also an ancestor-based grouping called lungun.

Answer 25

Jama Mapun

Question 26

Sea Gypsies of the Sulu and Celebes Seas; Scattered along the coastal areas of Tawi Tawi, Sulu, Basilan, and some coastal municipalities of Zamboanga del Sur in ARMM; Known as Sama Laus or Sea Sama and are found living on houseboats where they make their livelihood solely on the sea as expert fishermen, deep sea divers, and navigators; Come to shore to barter their harvest for farmed produce such as fruits and cassava, as well as, replenish their supplies and/or make repars to their houseboats; Concept of life and their relationship to the sea

Answer 26

Badjao

Question 27

Animist slash and burn agriculturists; Live in the forest interior in southern Mindanao; Also known as Subanen; Have a history of being exploited and taken as slaves by their coastal Muslim neighbors; Live in widely scattered settlements and raise crops almost totally by hand, without plows or even hoes; Gather a wide variety of forest products, hunt wild pigs, and deer and fish and collect crustaceans from streams; The division of labor between men and women is very equal

Answer 27

Subanon