Historical Criticisms Flashcards
_ examines the origins of earliest text to appreciate the underlying circumstances upon which the text came to be.
Historical criticism
Historical criticism has two important goals: _ and _.
- To discover the original meaning of the test in its primitive or historical context and its literal sense or sesus literalis hisoricus
- To establish a reconstruction of the historical situation of the author and recipients of the text
Historical criticism has two types: _ and _.
External criticism and internal criticism
Historical criticism has its roots in the 17th century during the Protestant Reformation and gained popular recognition in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Okay.
In historical criticism,
_ analyzes and studies the sources used by biblical authors.
Source Criticism
In historical criticism,
_ seeks to determine a unit’s original form and historical context of the literary tradition.
Form criticism
In historical criticism,
_ regards the author of the text as editor of the source materials.
Redaction Criticism
In historical criticism,
_ attempts to tract the developmental stages of the oral tradition from its historical emergence to its literary presentation.
Tradition criticism
In historical criticism,
_ focuses its interpretation of the bible on the text of biblical canon.
Canonical Criticism
There are two parts to a historical criticism: to _ and to _.
- determine the authenticity of the material (provencance of the source).
- weigh the testimony to the truth
_ is where the critic must examine the trustworthiness of the testimonies as well as the probability of the statements to be true.
Internal Criticism
_ determines the authenticity of the source.
External Criticism
In external criticism, the authenticity may be tested in two ways:
_ criticism which is the deciphering and dating of historical manuscripts.
_ criticism which is the critical analysis of historical document to understand how the document came to be the information transmitted and the relationships between the facts purported in the document and the reality.
Paleographical;
Diplomatic
_ determines the historicity of the facts contained in the document. Thus, it is not necessary to prove the authenticity of the material or document.
Internal Criticism
One of the unfulfilled needs of the historian is more of what the French call “_” or the dictionaries of biography giving examples of handwriting.
isographies
_ have been the subject of special study by sigillographers, and experts can detect fake ones.
Seals
_ (idiom, orthography, or punctuation) can be detected by specialists who are familiar with contemporary writing.
Anachronistic styles
_ (too early or too late or too remote) or the dating of a document at a time when the alleged writer could not possibly have been at the place designated (the alibi) uncovers fraud.
Anachronistic references to events
_ states that the historian is many times removed from the events under investigation and historians rely on surviving records.
History as Reconstruciton
_ states that historians have to verify sources, to date them, locate their place of origin and identify their intended functions.
Historical Method
_ is the process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past.
Historical Method
_ is an object from the past or testimony concerning he past on which historians depend in order to create their own depiction of that past.
Historical Sources
_ are tangible remains of the past.
Historical Sources
Examples of written sources are: _ and _.
Published Materials, Manuscripts
Examples of non-written sources are: _, _, _, _, _, _, and _.
Oral history, artifact, ruin, fossils, art works, video recordings, audio recordings
_ are testimony of an eyewitness. They must have been produced by a contemporary of the event it narrates.
Primary Sources
_ is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study.
Primary Sources
_ were present during an experience or time period and offer a inside view of a particular event.
Primary Sources
_are characterized by their content, regardless of whether they are available in original format, in microfilm/microfiche, in digital format, or in published format.
Primary Sources
The four categories of primary sources are: _, _, _, and _.
- Written sources
- Images
- Artifacts
- Oral Testimony
_ interpret and analyze primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event.
Secondary Sources
_ may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them.
Secondary Sources
Examples of secondary sources are:
History textbook, printed materials
_ is concerned to authenticity. It is made to spot fabricated, forged, and faked documents and to distinguish a hoax or misinterpretation.
External Criticism
There are two determinants of authenticity: _ and _.
Date and Author
In the test of authenticity:
_ refers to idiom, ortography, punctuation
_ refers to events being too early, too late or too remote
_ determines the events’ genuineness
Anachronistic Style;
Anachronistic reference to events;
Provenance or custody
_ is a systematic evaluation of the primary source, be it a test, painting, caricature, and/or speech that in the process students could develop and present an argument based on their own understanding of the evidences from their readings.
Content Analysis
_ considers specifically the time, place and situation when the primary source was written. The analysis as well includes he author’s background, authority on the subject, and intent perceptible and its relevance and meaning to people and society today.
Contextual Analysis
