Philip And The New World

Question 1

What were behind Philip’s expeditions in the new world?

Answer 1

Religious motivations

Question 2

How many priests were in the New World by 1570?

Answer 2

1,000

Question 3

How many whites and Indians were in the new world by 1570?

Answer 3

10,000 whites

10 million Indians

Question 4

What did the Spanish want to do to the natives?

Answer 4

Christianise them

Question 5

Where did Spanish conquistadores advance in South America?

Answer 5

Advanced south from Paraguay

Question 6

When did Spanish conquistadores establish Buenos Aires?

Answer 6

1580

Question 7

When were the Philippines taken over?

Answer 7

1565

Question 8

Why was the New World important?

Answer 8

• silver
• customs duties
• crown monopolies e.g. sale of playing cards

Question 9

Where was the alcabala introduced?

Answer 9

Mexico and Peru

Question 10

When did England become active in the area with Francis Drake?

Answer 10

Mid 1550s

Question 11

What system was introduced to protect twice-yearly treasure fleets across the Atlantic?

Answer 11

Convoy system

Question 12

Did the convoy system work well?

Answer 12

Yes but it was expensive

Question 13

How did Portugal help in the Atlantic?

Answer 13

It gave them the additional base of the Azores

Question 14

Who was the viceroy in Mexico?

Answer 14

Enriquez

Question 15

Who was viceroy in Peru?

Answer 15

Toledo

Question 16

What did the viceroys do?

Answer 16

Laid excellent foundations for colonial government

Question 17

How many ships were in the Atlantic by 1587

Answer 17

Over 100 Spanish ships

Question 18

What did Philip want to see in the New World?

Answer 18

Effective administration and justice

Question 19

What was the difficulty with the population?

Answer 19

Ruling over a large population which was unfamiliar with European ways

Question 20

What was the council of indies responsible for?

Answer 20

Changes aimed at improving the effectiveness of the government

Question 21

When was Toledo appointed viceroy of Peru?

Answer 21

1569

Question 22

What did Toledo bring to Peru?

Answer 22

Peace and prosperity

Question 23

What was the result of Toledo’s policies in Peru?

Answer 23

The output of the silver mines of Potosi and the mercury mines of Hauncavelica improved considerably

Question 24

What were the 1573 ordinances?

Answer 24

Condemned extreme violence against Indians but had little effective on their wellbeing

Question 25

When did the first Jesuits arrive to convert Indians to Christianity?

Answer 25

1568

Question 26

What did the 1573 ordinances allow for missionaries?

Answer 26

Allowed them to establish small-scale settlements to help in their work of Christianisation. This work increased in the 1580s

Question 27

What developments were made in the new world?

Answer 27

• map-making
• geography
• technical processes e.g. extracting silver
• Philip finances an expedition to study plants and animals

Question 28

When were the silver mines of Potosi discovered?

Answer 28

1545

Question 29

What were needed as a result of the increase in silver?

Answer 29

More ships

Question 30

Where was shipbuilding increased?

Answer 30

The Basque coast of Spain

Question 31

How much did quantities of bullion increase?

Answer 31

They tripled in 30 years

Question 32

Where did the majority of the bullion go?

Answer 32

Outside Spain to repay foreign loans or for the cost of goods

Question 33

Was Spain prosperous?

Answer 33

On the surface it seemed prosperous but there were problems underneath the incoming wealth

Question 34

What motivations drove New World expeditions?

Answer 34

Spanish imperialism and financial needs

Question 35

What Council was essential

Answer 35

The council of indies. Seville was the key Spanish centre

Question 36

What did revenues amount to?

Answer 36

64.5 million ducats