Philip And The New World Flashcards

1
Q

What were behind Philip’s expeditions in the new world?

A

Religious motivations

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2
Q

How many priests were in the New World by 1570?

A

1,000

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3
Q

How many whites and Indians were in the new world by 1570?

A

10,000 whites

10 million Indians

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4
Q

What did the Spanish want to do to the natives?

A

Christianise them

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5
Q

Where did Spanish conquistadores advance in South America?

A

Advanced south from Paraguay

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6
Q

When did Spanish conquistadores establish Buenos Aires?

A

1580

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7
Q

When were the Philippines taken over?

A

1565

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8
Q

Why was the New World important?

A
  • silver
  • customs duties
  • crown monopolies e.g. sale of playing cards
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9
Q

Where was the alcabala introduced?

A

Mexico and Peru

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10
Q

When did England become active in the area with Francis Drake?

A

Mid 1550s

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11
Q

What system was introduced to protect twice-yearly treasure fleets across the Atlantic?

A

Convoy system

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12
Q

Did the convoy system work well?

A

Yes but it was expensive

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13
Q

How did Portugal help in the Atlantic?

A

It gave them the additional base of the Azores

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14
Q

Who was the viceroy in Mexico?

A

Enriquez

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15
Q

Who was viceroy in Peru?

A

Toledo

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16
Q

What did the viceroys do?

A

Laid excellent foundations for colonial government

17
Q

How many ships were in the Atlantic by 1587

A

Over 100 Spanish ships

18
Q

What did Philip want to see in the New World?

A

Effective administration and justice

19
Q

What was the difficulty with the population?

A

Ruling over a large population which was unfamiliar with European ways

20
Q

What was the council of indies responsible for?

A

Changes aimed at improving the effectiveness of the government

21
Q

When was Toledo appointed viceroy of Peru?

22
Q

What did Toledo bring to Peru?

A

Peace and prosperity

23
Q

What was the result of Toledo’s policies in Peru?

A

The output of the silver mines of Potosi and the mercury mines of Hauncavelica improved considerably

24
Q

What were the 1573 ordinances?

A

Condemned extreme violence against Indians but had little effective on their wellbeing

25
When did the first Jesuits arrive to convert Indians to Christianity?
1568
26
What did the 1573 ordinances allow for missionaries?
Allowed them to establish small-scale settlements to help in their work of Christianisation. This work increased in the 1580s
27
What developments were made in the new world?
- map-making - geography - technical processes e.g. extracting silver - Philip finances an expedition to study plants and animals
28
When were the silver mines of Potosi discovered?
1545
29
What were needed as a result of the increase in silver?
More ships
30
Where was shipbuilding increased?
The Basque coast of Spain
31
How much did quantities of bullion increase?
They tripled in 30 years
32
Where did the majority of the bullion go?
Outside Spain to repay foreign loans or for the cost of goods
33
Was Spain prosperous?
On the surface it seemed prosperous but there were problems underneath the incoming wealth
34
What motivations drove New World expeditions?
Spanish imperialism and financial needs
35
What Council was essential
The council of indies. Seville was the key Spanish centre
36
What did revenues amount to?
64.5 million ducats