Philip And The Netherlands

Question 1

When was the iconoclastic fury?

Answer 1

1566

Question 2

What marked the beginning of the revolt?

Answer 2

The 1566 iconoclastic fury

Question 3

Did nobles support the actions of Calvinism (iconoclastic fury)

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What were Dutch nobles suspicious of?

Answer 4

Any clerical reform or repressive religious policies

Question 5

Why couldnt Philip abandon the Netherlands?

Answer 5

60% of Spanish wool went to the Low Countries.

Question 6

When was Granvelle appointed Archbishop of Mechelen?

Answer 6

1560 and pope promoted him to cardinal so he took precedent over Orange and Egmont on the Council of State

Question 7

What was a key failure of Philip’s?

Answer 7

He didnt visit the Netherlands

Question 8

When was Duke of Alba Governor General?

Answer 8

1566-1573

Question 9

Actions of the Duke of Alba

Answer 9

• set up council of troubles. 1,000 sentenced to death for 1566 actions
• Spanish troops sacked Antwerp in 76, 8,000 civilians died
• 10th penny, 10% sales tax introduced. Holland and Zeeland revolted led by Orange
• Policy had to be funded by Castile. Cost the Spanish treasury up to 700,000 ducats a month

Question 10

When was Requesens Governor General?

Answer 10

1573-76, after the Duke of Alba

Question 11

What did Requesens do?

Answer 11

• made concessions to the rebels (too late to be effective)

- died in 76 - unpaid Spanish troops sacked Antwerp

Question 12

When was Farnese/Duke of Parma Governor General?

Answer 12

1578-92

Question 13

What was Farnese’s aim?

Answer 13

Reconquer the whole of the Netherlands

Question 14

What did Farnese achieve?

Answer 14

• won back the Southern states (convinced them there was more to fear from a Calvinist alliance)
• 1585, ready to retake Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht

Question 15

Two key events in 1585

Answer 15

• England became involved so rebels received military aid

- Philip decided to invade England so the rebels had time to improve their defences

Question 16

What financial factor halted Philip’s progress?

Answer 16

Bankruptcy of 1596

Question 17

Why Philip failed to defeat the Netherlands

Answer 17

• his own hesitation and delays
• his refusal to compromise on religion
• his decision to commit his forces in England and France

Question 18

Why was money significant?

Answer 18

• the tenth penny was a sig trigger
• alba had little money
• 1576, Philip repudiated all debts so there was no money for troops which led to mutinies.