Philip And The Netherlands Flashcards
When was the iconoclastic fury?
1566
What marked the beginning of the revolt?
The 1566 iconoclastic fury
Did nobles support the actions of Calvinism (iconoclastic fury)
Yes
What were Dutch nobles suspicious of?
Any clerical reform or repressive religious policies
Why couldnt Philip abandon the Netherlands?
60% of Spanish wool went to the Low Countries.
When was Granvelle appointed Archbishop of Mechelen?
1560 and pope promoted him to cardinal so he took precedent over Orange and Egmont on the Council of State
What was a key failure of Philip’s?
He didnt visit the Netherlands
When was Duke of Alba Governor General?
1566-1573
Actions of the Duke of Alba
- set up council of troubles. 1,000 sentenced to death for 1566 actions
- Spanish troops sacked Antwerp in 76, 8,000 civilians died
- 10th penny, 10% sales tax introduced. Holland and Zeeland revolted led by Orange
- Policy had to be funded by Castile. Cost the Spanish treasury up to 700,000 ducats a month
When was Requesens Governor General?
1573-76, after the Duke of Alba
What did Requesens do?
- made concessions to the rebels (too late to be effective)
- died in 76 - unpaid Spanish troops sacked Antwerp
When was Farnese/Duke of Parma Governor General?
1578-92
What was Farnese’s aim?
Reconquer the whole of the Netherlands
What did Farnese achieve?
- won back the Southern states (convinced them there was more to fear from a Calvinist alliance)
- 1585, ready to retake Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht
Two key events in 1585
- England became involved so rebels received military aid
- Philip decided to invade England so the rebels had time to improve their defences
