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A Level History > Ferdinand And Isablle > Flashcards

Ferdinand And Isablle Flashcards

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1
Q

1485

A

Medieval law codes were published

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2
Q

1503

A

Pragmaticas Published

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3
Q

When did all royal council members become letrados

A

1498

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4
Q

1515

A

61 towns had corregidores

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5
Q

How much were Jews taxed

A

58 million

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6
Q

How much was made from moorish war prisoners

A

56 million

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7
Q

How much did ordinary income rise by

A

350%

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8
Q

What was the income in 1477

A

27 million

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9
Q

How much was spent on ambassadors

A

75 million

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10
Q

How much was spent on military

A

20 to 80 million

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11
Q

How much were extraordinary methods used

A

66%

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12
Q

When did aragonese powers suspend the hermandad

A

1488

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13
Q

What’s was the rate of false converts

A

Doubled after expulsion of Jews

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14
Q

When were mudejars heavily taxed

A

1495-1499

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15
Q

When were royal ordinances passed to improve the quality of cloth?

A

1494

1511

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16
Q

When did the Catalonian Cortes pass laws to protect coral and textile industry

A

1481

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17
Q

When was currency standardised

A

1497

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18
Q

When were import duties on french cloth introduced

A

1498

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19
Q

When were taxes for grazing sheep on royal walks levied

A

1464

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20
Q

When was a royal councillor made president

A

1500

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21
Q

When were sheep farmers allowed access to any land where sheep once grazed and granted low rents

A

1501

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22
Q

How many years were there poor harvests

A

5

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23
Q

When was there plague

A

1506-07

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24
Q

When did the crown try to impose the tasa

A

1502

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25
Q

When did Andalusian farmers begin to import wheat

A

1506

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26
Q

How many bridges between Laredo and Aguera were swept away and not rebuilt

A

12

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27
Q

1480, Cortes of Toledo

A

Royal land taken since 1464 returned

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28
Q

1497 pope Alexander vi

A

Accepted Portuguese claims to Western Africa

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29
Q

1462

A

France had roussilon and cerdange

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30
Q

When was the Castilian war of succession?

A

1477-79

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31
Q

When was the Battle of Toro?

A

1476

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32
Q

When did King Alfonso of Portugal announce he would invade Castile?

A

1475

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33
Q

Examples of people who gained titles during Castilian war of succession

A
  1. Mendoza family
  2. Cardinal Mendoza was promised the chancellorship
  3. Cardinal Mendoza’s brother was created Duke of Infantado
  4. Enriquez was awarded the honourable title of Admiral of Castile
  5. Velasco was confirmed as Constable of Castile
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34
Q

Name of rival groups that fought for control fo their towns and cities

A

Bandos

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35
Q

What was a bandos?

A

Rival groups who fought for control of their towns and cities

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36
Q

Which troubled states did Isabella visit in 1477?

A
  • Andalusia

- Extremadura

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37
Q

How many corregidores were appointed by 1479?

A

44

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38
Q

When did Ferdinand become King of Aragon?

A

1479

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39
Q

What did Ferdinand do 1475-76?

A

He journeyed from Burgos to Zamora near the Portuguese border and fought the Battle of Toro

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40
Q

When did civil war break out?

A

1469

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41
Q

How often did Ferdinand and Isabella make the royal council meet?

A

Twice a week

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42
Q

How were legal courts reformed?

A
  • they had separate chambers for civil and criminal cases

- these included the courts at Seville and Valladolid

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43
Q

When were medieval law codes published?

A

1485

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44
Q

Why were medieval law codes published in 1485?

A

For a more coherent body of law

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45
Q

When were their own pragmaticas published?

A

1503

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46
Q

Why were Ferdinand and Isabella having their own pragmaticas?

A

To reassert their own authority as well as the righteous position of landowners. These helped to overhaul the legal system as a whole

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47
Q

Were legal reforms effective?

A

Relatively
They provided an overhaul for a clearer and more coherent system but individuals continued to adhere to their own rights of jurisdiction which were beyond the crown’s control

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48
Q

By what year were all members of the royal council letrados?

A

1498

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49
Q

When weren’t the Cortes called?

A

1481-1498

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50
Q

How long was a Corregidore appointment meant to last?

A

2 years

51
Q

Why were letrados often appointed as corregidores?

A

Because they had legal responsibilities

52
Q

How much of the Crown’s income did the alcabala account for?

A

90%

53
Q

Who was exempt from the alcabala?

A

Clergy

Nobility

54
Q

What were custom duties and mineral rights?

A

The crown possessed extraction and sale of mercury rights which were crucial to the production of silver

55
Q

How much were Jews taxed during the campaign in Granada?

A

58 million maravedis

56
Q

How much was made from the sale of Moorish war prisoners?

A

56 million maravedis

57
Q

How much did ordinary income rise by during Ferdinand and Isabella’s reign?

A

350%

58
Q

What was Ferdinand and Isabella’s income in 1477

A

27 million maravedis from the collection of normal taxes

59
Q

How much was spent on Castilian ambassadors in the last 10 years of Isabella’s reign?

A

75 million maravedis

60
Q

What did the cost of the military rise to by the end of Isabella’s reign?

A

From 20 million to 80 million maravedis

61
Q

Who paid for servicios?

A

Mainly the townspeople

62
Q

After what year were loans increasing used?

A

1480

63
Q

By how much did the use of extraordinary methods increase?

A

66%

64
Q

When were the Hermandad suspended in Aragon?

A

1488

65
Q

Why was the hermandad suspended in Aragon?

A

Strong Aragonese opposition

66
Q

When was the Granada war?

A

1482-1492

67
Q

When did the moors capture the frontier town of Andalusia?

A

1481

68
Q

When were the Jews expelled?

A

1492

69
Q

When did Isabella declare all Jews were protected under her rule?

A

1477, 15 years before their expulsion

70
Q

When was the royal decree issued saying Jews had to leave by the 31st July 1492?

A

31st March 1492

71
Q

Effects of the expulsion of the Jews?

A
  • Around 3% of the population emigrated?
  • In the 1490s, around 40,000 Jewish families returned to Castile. If they could prove they had converted to Christianity they could buy back their property for the same price they were forced to sell it at
  • applied to all Spanish territories except Naples
  • Little negative effect as it was mainly conversos who contributed to trade and finance
72
Q

Did the expulsion of the Jews help the problem?

A

Made the converso problem worse. The number of false converts possibly doubled. The policy marked the end of the convivencia and the desired state of unity wasn’t present

73
Q

When was the expulsion of the Mudejars?

A

1492

74
Q

What percentage of the Aragonese population were Mudejars?

A

20%

75
Q

Who was made Archbishop after the Granada war?

A

Talavera

76
Q

When were the Mudejars heavily taxed?

A

1495-1499

77
Q

When did a Mudejars revolt break out against Christian rule?

A

1499

78
Q

When were all Mudejars given the choice to convert or leave Castile?

A

1502

79
Q

Who influenced Isabella’s policy towards the Mudejars?

A

Cisneros

80
Q

What was the government’s economic policy?

A

To treat each kingdom as a separate economic unit in order to allow regional economies to flourish without state intervention

81
Q

Which region had monopoly of all trade and commerce with America?

A

Seville

82
Q

Royal ordinances of 1494 and 1511

A

To improve the quality of cloth manufactures throughout the kingdom

83
Q

What did navigation laws try to promote?

A

The shipbuilding industry

84
Q

What did the Catalonia Cortes implement in 1481?

A

A law to protect the coral and textile industry

85
Q

When was currency standardised?

A

1497

86
Q

What was a consulados

A

A board of trade

87
Q

What exports did the Crown prohibit?

A

Gold and silver

88
Q

Who weren’t allowed to trade with America?

A

Non-Castilians

89
Q

Who were given extensive privileges?

A

Carters and Mesta

90
Q

What were import duties imposed on in 1498?

A

French cloth

91
Q

Why was agriculture a key issue?

A

They didn’t know how to feed a growing population with limited resources

92
Q

What supplies did agriculture lack?

A
  • a reliable supply of water
  • good quality soil
  • enough fertile land
  • advanced farming methods (they were primitive)
93
Q

What was the Crown’s primary concern in regards to the Mesta?

A

How best to tax them and the millions of migratory sheep they controlled in order to generate the most revenue

94
Q

When were taxes levied on landowners in Castile for grazing on royal sheep walks?

A

Since 1464

95
Q

When was a royal councillor made president in Castile?

A

1500

96
Q

When did Castilian sheep farmers get privileges which allowed them to access any lands where sheep had once grazed?

A

1501

97
Q

When did Castilian sheep farmers get granted rents at low rates?

A

1501

98
Q

What caused food shortages?

A
  • farmers overstocking commons
  • inadequate farming methods
  • series of poor harvest over 5 years
  • the plague of 1506-07
  • no state support after the plague
99
Q

In what year did the state try to control the price of grain?

A

1502

100
Q

What was the ‘tasa’?

A

The states attempt to control the price of grain 1502

101
Q

Impact of the ‘tasa’

A

Discouraged farmers from selling their crops

102
Q

What happened to Andalusian farmers in 1506?

A

They had to start importing their wheat, having previously exported it

103
Q

When was a new farming method suggested?

A

1494

104
Q

What was the new farming method suggested in 1494?

A

Farmers should change from a 2 to a 3 field system to improve soil fertility. This suggestion was ignored and was unattractive to farmers

105
Q

When was there food shortages in Aragon?

A

1484

1503 - produced famine in Valencia

106
Q

Where did Aragon import wheat from?

A

Sicily and Sardinia

107
Q

Where did Aragon not receive much grain contribution from?

A

Majorca as their economy had declined

108
Q

Where was denied access to Castilian markets?

A

Catalonia

109
Q

What did the Monzon Cortes decide in 1511?

A

That sheep couldn’t pass through cultivate lands in Aragon - would have been an unthinkable measure in Castile

110
Q

What was the rise in shipping sailing?

A

300 to 5,000 toneladas

111
Q

Why was Burgos given a consulado?

A

To show it was Castile’s premier woollen provider

112
Q

What was the job of the consulado in Burgos?

A

To regulate trade and deal with any legal issues

113
Q

Where had guilds been successful?

A

Catalonia

114
Q

1494 Crown wool ban

A

The Crown banned the production of cheap, low quality wool and only high quality wool was to be produced

115
Q

Impact of 1494 wool ban

A

1/5 had to be locally sold
Southern Castile benefited as they produced high quality wool
Towns and cities in the north saw a decline in their local markets
Many wool producers sold directly to foreign merchants and traders to maximise profits which caused further decline in domestic markets
Unemployment rose
Madrid had a wool shortage

116
Q

Where were bridges left unmaintained by local guilds?

A

The roads in Cantabria were in a very poor condition

12 bridges between Laredo and Aguera had been swept away and not rebuilt

117
Q

In what year was a Hermandad set up in every place with more than 50 inhabitants

A

1476

118
Q

What was decided at the 1580 Cortes of Toledo?

A

Almost all royal lands lost since 1464 was returned to the Crown

119
Q

Where were positive Crown-peasant relations?

A

Castile
Aragon
Valencia

Because wages were rising higher than the price of food
Conditions weren’t oppressive but landowners interfered with their farming rights

120
Q

Negative Crown-peasant relations

A

Catalonia

Poor economic conditions were worsened by the outbreak of plague and rising population levels

121
Q

Senorios

A

Lordships which carried jurisdiction over an area. Granted to the nobility to exercise political power over them

122
Q

What did Isabella accept in 1497?

A

Portugal’s monopoly of all fishing and trade along the West coast of Africa

123
Q

What did Portugal’s monopoly of West Africa encourage?

A

Spanish expansion in the North

A Level History (17 decks)

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