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PSMA > PHCP 2 > Flashcards

PHCP 2 Flashcards

1
Q

a chronic disorder that causes unprovoked, recurrent unprovoked seizures.

A

EPILEPSY

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2
Q

sudden rush of electrical activity.

A

SEIZURE

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3
Q

2 Main Types of Seizures

A

-General
-Partial or Focal

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4
Q

Seizure Etiology

A

HHVAG
* High fever
* Head trauma
* Very low blood sugar
* Alcohol withdrawal
* Genetic

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5
Q

didn’t loss the consciousness of the patient. It includes:
- Changes in the sense of taste, smell, sight, hearing or touch.
- Dizziness with the tingling and twitching sensation of the limbs

A

Simple seizure

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6
Q

involves the loss of
awareness. It includes the:
- Staring blankly
- Unresponsiveness
- Performing repetitive movements

A

Complex Partial Seizure

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7
Q

Aka petit mal seizure which involves stare blank, lip smacking,
repetitive movements and usually short loss of awareness.

A

Absence seizures

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8
Q

-muscle stiffness.

A

Tonic seizures

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9
Q

Loss of muscle control and cause sudden falling down.

A

Atonic seizures

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10
Q

-repeated, jerky muscle movement of face, neck and arms.

A

Clonic seizures

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11
Q

-Spontaneous quick twitch of arms and legs.

A

Myoclonic seizures

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12
Q

Aka Grand mal seizures
- Causes stiffening and shaking of body
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
- Biting of tongue
- Loss of consciousness
- Can’t remember what happened or you feel slightly ill for few
hours.

A

Tonic-clonic seizures

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13
Q

Most common used test for epilepsy

A

EEG (Electroencephalogram)

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14
Q

*Invasive procedure.
*It gives electric stimulation that runs through your neck to prevent seizures.

A

Vagus nerve stimulator

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15
Q

*Provides high fat and low carbohydrate diet
*The goal is to force the body to use fat for energy instead of glucose.

A

*Ketogenic Diet

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16
Q

The area of the brain that causes seizure activity can be
removed or altered

A

Brain Surgery (Resection)

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17
Q

*Anti-epileptic (anti-convulsant) drugs
To reduce the episode of seizure

A

Levetiracetam, Lamotrigine, Topimirate, VPA,
Carbamazepine and Ethosuximide

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18
Q

*This diet is also high fat and involves a controlled carb intake.

A

*Modified Atkins Diet

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19
Q

means continuous state of seizure.

A

Status Epilepticus

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20
Q

It is a medical emergency when a seizure hits ____ mark

A

5 mins

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21
Q

2 Types of Status Epilepticus

A

convulsive and non-convulsive type

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22
Q

-more common and dangerous.
-involves tonic-clonic and sometime referred as grand mal

A

Convulsive type

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23
Q

“Epileptic twilight” state
- Doesn’t lose the consciousness

A

Non-convulsive type

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24
Q

Status Epilepticus
EM - buccal administration

A

Midazolam-

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25
Q

Status Epilepticus
EM - rectal administration

A

Diazepam

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26
Q

any alteration in
mental or physical functioning related to blow to
the head.

A

Head injury

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27
Q

a leading cause of death
and disability in trauma patients

A

Traumatic brain injury

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28
Q

Generate numerical summed score for eye, motor and verbal abilities.

A

GLASGOW COMA SCALE SCORE

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29
Q

due to shearing of the olfactory nerves at the cribriform plate.

A

Anosmia

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30
Q

The total intercranial volume is a sum of brain tissue,
cerebral spinal fluid, venous blood and arterial blood.

A

Monro-kellie hypothesis

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31
Q

is to measures the
patient’s level of consciousness, attention and
orientation.

A

Bedside cognitive testing-

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32
Q

An imaging test used to check the presence of
tumors and abnormalities in the brain based on
the brain wave patterns.

A

EEG electroencephalogram

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33
Q

common, recurrent, primary headache
of moderate to severe intensity that interferes with
normal functioning and is associated with GI,
neurologic and autonomic symptoms.

A

Migraine

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34
Q

Acute antimigraine drugs - agonist of vascular and neuronal 5HT1 receptor subtypes.

A

Ergot Alkaloids and Triptan Derivative

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35
Q
  • Recurring unilateral episodes of throbbing head pain.
  • Associated with nausea, vomiting and sensitivity to
    light, sound and/ or movement.
A

Migraine

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36
Q

A recurring headache that strikes after or at the same time as
sensory disturbances.

A

Migraine aura (classic migraine)

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37
Q

First line treatment for mild to moderate migraine attacks is

A

Simple Analgesics
NSAIDs

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38
Q

most common type
of primary headache and
more common in women
than men.

A

Tension-Type Headache

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39
Q

unpleasant, subjective, sensory and
emotional experience associated with actual or
potential tissue damage or described in terms of
such damage.

A

Pain

40
Q

are pain sensing nerve cells. It can be located in either somatic or visceral

A

NOCICEPTORS

41
Q

acts as relay station and passes the
impulses to the central structure.

A

Thalamus

42
Q

Neurotransmitter such as _______ will bind to the receptors mu, delta and kappa

A

enkephalins, dynorphins and
B-endorphins

43
Q

resulted from nerve damage.

A

NEUROPATHIC PAIN

44
Q

refers to the abnormal operation of the nervous system

A

FUNCTIONAL PAIN

45
Q

Sharp or dull, burning, shock-like tingling, shooting radiating,
fluctuating intensity, varying location and occur in a timely
relationship with an obvious noxious stimulus

A

ACUTE PAIN

46
Q

first line agent for moderate to severe pain.

A

*Morphine

47
Q

Morphine causes respiratory depression that why it’s given with

A

Naloxone

48
Q

has highly characteristic
neuropathologic findings and clinical presentation.
This includes:
* Motor deficits
* Mental deterioration

A

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

49
Q

2 known hallmarks in the substantia nigra pars compacta:

A
  1. Loss of neurons
  2. Presence of lewy bodies
    - Alpha-synuclein
50
Q

The inhibition of thalmus is resulted from inactivation
of

A

dopamine-1 and dopamine-2

51
Q

The tremor exhibited by the patients with Parkinson’s
disease is due to degeneration of

A

nigrostriatal dopamine neurons

52
Q

Tremor is present mostly in the hands and sometimes
characterize as pin- rolling

A

Resting tremor

53
Q

Neuroimaging for PD
SPECT scan aka

A

Dopamine transporter (DAT Scan)

54
Q

Placing electrodes that are surgically implanted in the brain.

A

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

55
Q

protects the conversion of dopamine outside the brain.

A

Levodopa

56
Q

*Carbidopa-Levodopa infusion
is administered through the

A

feeding tube

57
Q

*Help prevents the breakdown of brain dopamine

A

*MAO-B inhibitors

58
Q

It prolongs the effect of levodopa therapy by blocking an
enzyme that breaks down dopamine

A

COMT inhibitors

59
Q

This medication help control the tremor associated with Parkinson’s disease.

A

*Anticholinergics

60
Q

Provide short-term relief of symptoms of mild, early-stage Parkinson’s disease.

A

*Amantadine

61
Q

implant electrodes into
specific part of the brain.
* The electric pulses from the
heart is send to the brain to
reduce Parkinson’s disease
symptoms.

A

Deep Brain stimulation

62
Q

It is an ancient form of Chinese exercise, flowing
motions that may improve flexibility, balance and muscle strength

A

Tai chi

63
Q

focuses on the muscle posture, balance and thinking about how you use muscles and reduce muscle tension.

A
  • Alexander technique
64
Q

It is a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to
waste away or degenerate.

A

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

65
Q

Beta amyloid, a large protein leftover fragment which disrupts the cell to cell communications

A

Plaque

66
Q

Tau proteins, that initiates the neuron’s
transport system of nutrients and essential
materials are being deformed and cause
“Neurofibrillary tangles” that causes disrupts the
transport system.

A

Tangles

67
Q

TX for Alzheimer’s
Boost Cell to cell communication

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

68
Q

TX for Alzheimer’s
Slows the progression

A

Memantine (Namenda)

69
Q

frequently have intense,
excessive and persistent worry
and fear about everyday
situations.

A

Anxiety

70
Q

Fear and often avoid places or situations that feel
trapped, helpless or embarrassed.

A

AGORAPHOBIA

71
Q

(Anxiety Type)
Caused by physical health problem.

A

ANXIETY DISORDER DUE TO MEDICAL CONDITION

72
Q

Persistent and excessive anxiety and worry about
activities or events – event ordinary or routine issues.

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

73
Q

Repeated episodes of sudden feelings of intense anxiety
and fear or terror that reach a peak within minutes.

A

PANIC DISORDER

74
Q

Failure of children to speak in certain situation.

A

SELECTIVE MUTISM

75
Q

Related to separation from parents or others who have
parental roles.

A

SEPARATION ANXIETY DISORDER

76
Q

Due to feelings of embarrassment, self-consciousness and
concern about being judged or viewed negatively by others.

A

SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER

77
Q

Exposed to a specific object or situation and desire to avoid it.
Phobias provoke panic attacks in some people.

A

SPECIFIC PHOBIAS

78
Q

Intense anxiety or panic that are a direct result of misusing
drugs.

A

SUBSTANCE-INDUCED ANXIETY DISORDER

79
Q

Compare symptoms of Anxiety to the criteria in _____ by American Psychiatric Association

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder
(DSM-5)

80
Q

Also known as Manic depression

A

Bipolar Disorder

81
Q

Severe high and low moods and changes in sleep,
energy, thinking and behavior
* These feelings involves irritability and impulsive or
reckless decision making

A

BIPOLAR DISORDER

82
Q

A constant sense of hopelessness.
* May feel difficulty to work, study, eat and enjoy
friends and activities

A

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

83
Q

may result in some combination of
hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered
thinking and behavior that impairs daily functioning
and can be disabling.

A

SCHIZOPHRENIA

84
Q

group of conditions that
affect the ability to sleep well on a regular
basis.

A

Sleep Disorders

85
Q

when insomnia happens on a
regular basis for at least one month

A

Chronic

86
Q

when insomnia occurs
periodically

A

Intermittent,

87
Q

when insomnia lasts for just a few
nights at a time

A

Transient

88
Q

*Pauses in breathing during sleep.
*Causes less oxygen causing to wake up at night.

A

SLEEP APNEA

89
Q

abnormal movements and
behaviors during sleep.

A

Parasomnias

90
Q

*Overwhelming need to move the legs.
*This accompanied by tingling sensation in the
legs.

A

RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME

91
Q

*Sleep attacks
*Feel suddenly extremely tired and fall asleep
without warning
* It causes sleep paralysis

A

NARCOLEPSY

92
Q

evaluates oxygen levels,
body movements and brain waves.

A

*Polysomnography

93
Q

assesses
electrical activity in the brain.

A

*Electroencephalogram–

94
Q

A direct activate the brain’s reward system causes feeling of
pleasure

A

SUBSTANCE-RELATED ABUSE

95
Q

*Persistent eating behavior that negatively
impact your health, your emotion and
ability to function in important areas of life

A

EATING DISORDER

96
Q

*Characterized by abnormally low body weight,
intense fear of gaining weight and distorted
perception of weight or shape.
*They excessively limit calories or use other
methods to lose weight.

A

ANOREXIA
NERVOSA

PSMA (15 decks)

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