GUMS Flashcards by Xei Lee

Goat’s Horn

Tragacanth

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demethoxylated bassorin

Tragacanthin

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Gum arabic

ACACIA

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Indian gum

GHATTI GUM

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Sterculia gum

KARAYA GUM

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most unpleasant smelling guM

KARAYA GUM

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Sodium alginate + Alginic acid

ALGIN

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→ main constituent of algin

Mannuronic acid

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Japanese Isinglas

AGAR

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K-carrageenan (Kappa) and L-carrageenan (lota)

gelating or non-gelating

gelating

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Danish agar

FURCELLARAN

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Psyllium seed / Plantain seed

PLANTAGO SEED

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Cydonium

Quince seed

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Carob pulp and St. John’s Bread

LOCUST BEAN GUM

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Guaran

GUAR GUM

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Brand name of xanthan gum

KELTROL

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a 10% solution can be used as an adjunct in the treatment of shock

dextran

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Kaolin + Pectin

KAOPECTATE

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-pectin that contains sugars and organic acids

Commercial Pectin

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pure pectin to which no additions have been made

Pharmaceutic Pectin

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insoluble form of pectin which is found in fruits
converted into a soluble form by heating the fruit with diluted acid

Propectin

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just ripe fruits (pectin)

SOLUBLE PECTIN

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OVER-RIPE FRUITS

PECTIC ACID / PECTINIC ACID

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gum | tx for gastric ulcer

MASTIC GUM

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gum component of Movicol

KARAYA

- non-sugar components of glycosides

Aglycone

Identification tests (3) Saponin glycosides

Froth test Hemolysis test Capillary tube test

Identification tests (1) Anthraquinone glycosides

Borntrager test

Identification tests (1) Cyanogenic glycosides

Guignard test

CPPP

(Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene)

. Bufadienolides – 6 membered ring (discovered from ____- isolated from the skin of ___

BUFALIN | toad

Digitalis | Foxglove source

Digitalis purpurea

Digitalis | Grecian Foxglove source

Digitalis lanata

the antidote for digoxin poisoning

DIGITAB

- “Lily of the valley"

CONVALLARIA

"Black Indian Hemp” “Dog Bane”

APOCYNUM

- “Pheasant's eye”

ADONIS

- “Night Blooming Cereus

CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS

Christmas rose”

BLACK HELLEBORE

Color of hellebore that is glycosidal, cardiac depressant

GREEN AND WHITE

used before as a arrow poison - 3rd most important glycoside available in the markeT

G. Strophantin

“Squill bulb”

SQUILL

Oleander

Adelfa

(+) result Borntrager test

red or pink color at the ammonical region

(+) result Schonteten's test

- (+) green fluorescence

- “Sacred bark

CASCARA SAGRADA

- “Buckthorn bark

FRANGULA

Sabila

ALOES

pharmaceutic aid for Compound Benzoin Tincture

Aloin B - isobarbaloin

Alexandra senna is from _____

Cassia acutifolia

Tinevelly senna is from

Cassia angustifolia

best grade of senna

Blue green

- A mixture of neutral principles obtained from GOA powdeere

CHRYSAROBIN

- are the most important plant steroids for the partial synthesis of steroid hormones

→ Diosgenin and botogenin

“Licorice root"

GLYCYRRHIZA

50 times as sweet as sugar

Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid)

- “Mexican yam"

DIOSCOREA

- best source of steroids

DIOSCOREA

moluscicide or an agent destroying mollusk

AGAVE

Main compounds responsible for bitterness of lupulin A) humulone (α-acids) B) Lupulone (β-acid_

Lupulone

Mandelonitrile -> Mandelonitrile lyasE

Benzaldehyde + HCN

- “Prunus virginia"

WILD CHERRY

Ajos

GARLIC

main component of commercial garlic powdER

Allicin

antibacterial, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-thrombotic Cons. of garlic

Ajoene

Sinapis alba

WHITE MUSTARD

“Sinapis nigra"

- BLACK MUSTARD

anti-rheumatic agent natural forerunner of aspirin

Salicin

- best grade on the market | vanilla

MEXICAN OR VERA CRUZ VANILLA

- by product of the bulb industry

LIGNIN

- a synthetic analog of Vanillin used also as flavoring agenT

ETHYL VANILLIN

Bearberry

UVA-URSI

- a flavonoid found in yellow flower pigments

CHALCONES

cons of tonka bean | anti-coagulant

Coumarin

- “Spanish flies” “Russian flies or blistering flies

CANTHARIDES

- liquid at normal room temperature EXCEPT for ______

FATTY OR FIXED OILS | COCOA BUTTER

- liquid at room temperature (FA)

→ Unsaturated fatty acids

alcohol + acid

HYDROLYSIS

rancidity

OXIDATION

- hydrogenation product of vegetable oil

MARGARINE

acrolein

HEATING OF OIL

number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of the substance

ACID VALUE OR ACID NUMBER

- has the highest saponification value and lowest iodine value

COCONUT OIL

is the endosperm of coconut oil

Copra

an ingredient in a vaginal jelly for restoration and maintenance for vaginal acidity

ricinoleic acid

he fallen, decomposed or refused leaves that are allowed to ferment furnish a low grade ______ which contains large amounts of free fatty acids

TOURNANT OIL

Canola oil

Rapeseed oil

Prunus amygdalus

ALMOND OIL

Prunus armeniaca

APRICOT KERNEL OIL

- “Hydrous wool fat

LANOLIN

- “Wool fat”

ANHYDROUS LANOLIN

high molecular weight alcohol and long chain fatty

WAXES

Ia rapid, reliable and expensive method of detecting the presence of certain adulterants of natural beeswax

- Saponification Cloud test

“Dinoprost” - Uterine stimulaNT

PGF2a

Carboprost” - IM injectiON

(15S)-Methyl PGF2A

- “Dinoprostone” - vaginal suppository

PGE2

Alprostadil

PGE1

Non-crystallizable hydrocolloid mixtures of polyphenols or polyphenolic compound

TANNINS

Positive Tanning Test

Brown or BlACK

HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS On dry distillation yield _____

pyrogallol derivatives

NON-HYDROLYSABLE On dry distillation they yield _____

catechol derivatives

CONDENSED TANNINS +) hydrolytic agents yield red insoluble compounds called

Phlobaphenes

Component of WITCH HAZEL LEAVES EXTRACT

2-hexen-1-al

Identification test for Volatile Oils

STAIN TEST

TERPENOID DERIVATIVES - formed via ______

acetate-mevalonic acid pathway

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS - formed via ______

shikimic acid phenylpropanoid route

amino acids in which Cinnamic acid and p- coumaric acid are the principal phenylpropanoid compounds

PHENYLALANINE AND TYROSINE

specific compounds removed by distillation under reduced pressure from volatile oils like lemon and orange to avoid that orientation and development of terebinthinate odor; e.g. lemon and or

TERPENES

- type of distillation without the presence of air

DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION

general method of obtaining citrus oils by puncuring the oil glands (outer portion of peel) by rolling the fruit through sharp projections

ECUELLE METHOD

- hydrocarbon portion of oil is liQUID

ELEOPTENE

- Use in chewing gum industry

LEVOROTATORY (-) CARVONE

Betula oil” “Gaultheria oil” “Wintergreen oil” (most common other name) “Sweet birch oil"

METHYL SALICYLATE

Sinigrin

Brassica alba

Combination of volatile oils and resins

Oleoresins

Combination of oleoresins and gum

Oleogum resin

- Stiffening agent in cerates plasters and ointment - Adulterants of other resinous products such as paints, varnishes, and

ROSIN OR COLOPHON

- Flavorant and disguise bitter taste of quinine

ERIODICTYON OR YEBRA SANTA

Used to seal dental cavities

MASTIC

CANNABIS has psychoactive substance

THC or Tetrahydrocannabinol

- “Ancient funeral spice” used as embalming agent

MYRRH

Devils dung” “Stinking gum” “Asant” “Food of the gods”

ASAFOETIDA

used in incense and previously used as treatment for leprosy in China

ULIBANUM

building blocks of terpenoids made up of 5 carbon molecule

iSOPRENE UNITS

from geranyl diphosphate formed via the acetate-mevalonic acid pathway

MONOTERPENOIDS

- essential plant hormone controlling growth and development

ABSCISIC ACID

From geranyl-geranyl diphosphate

DITERPENOIDS

anticancer drug specifically for breast cancer

PACLITAXEL

Composed of isoprene and non-isoprenoid unit

MEROTERPENOIDS

serves as precursor of terpenses and is formed by condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate

GERANYL PYROPHOSPHATE

HAGER’S REAGENT

- saturated solution of Picric acid

A popular poison ingested by Socrates

CONIINE

- Smoking deterrent

NICOTINE AND LOBELINE

- “Jimson weed” “Jamestown weed

DATURA

European mandrake

MANDRAGORA

Hyoscyamus niger and Hyoscyamus m

HYOSCYAMUS OR HENBANE

Chief source of atropine

DUBOISIA

Australian tobacco

PITURI

Cultivated for “coca chewing” and the manufacture of coca based soft drinks

ERYTHROXYLON

Main metabolite of cocaine which may be identify in bodily fluids

BENZOYLECGONINE

Morphine / Methadone + Cocaine HCl + Alcohol =

Bromptons cocktail or Crack

- Most active and most specific psychotomimetic

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

- 1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine

CAFFEINE

- 1, 3-dimethylxanthine

THEOPHYLLINE

- 3, 7- dimethylxanthine

THEOBROMINE