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Dispensing III Flashcards

1
Q

Response to a drug which is noxious and unintended and which occurs at doses normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of disease or for the modification of physiologic function

A

ADVERSE DRUG REACTION

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2
Q

Asians and Eskimos
(Fast or Slow Acetylators)

A

Fast

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3
Q

Caucasians and Egyptians
(Fast or Slow Acetylators)

A

Slow

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4
Q

Most common type of ADR

A

AUGMENTED

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5
Q

Dose Dependent
Predictable
Common
Reproducible

A

TYPE A: AUGMENTED

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6
Q

most severe type of ADR

A

TYPE B: BIZZARE

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7
Q

-Not dose related
-Unpredictable
-Rare
-Unknown mechanism -Serious and fatal

A

TYPE B: BIZZARE

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8
Q

a disease that causes a fast rise in body temperature, resulting to severe muscle contraction and muscle breakdown

A

Malignant Hyperthermia

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9
Q

is due to hemolysis or abnormal breakdownof RBC

A

Hemolytic Anemia

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10
Q

is a immune-mediated
hypersensitivity complex involving the skin and mucous membrane; loss of up to 10% of outer layer of skin or necrolysis

A

Steven Johnsons Syndrome

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11
Q

genetically determined rxns or unsual effects

A

Idiosyncratic

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12
Q

related to immune responses to environmental antigens, resulting to symptomatic rxns

A

Hypersensitivity rxn

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13
Q

Allergic reaction that is provoke by reexposure to specific type of antigen or allergen (pollen)

A

TYPE 1: ANAPHYLACTIC/IMMEDIATE

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14
Q
  • The antibodies produced bind to antigen on the patient’s own cell surfaces (leukocytes and erythrocytes) that will produce
    compliment-mediated lysis
A

TYPE 2: CYTOTOXIC

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15
Q
  • Leads to small immune complexes, which are not effectively
    cleared, causing tissue damage and inflammation
A

TYPE 3: IMMUNE COMPLEX

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16
Q

A reaction that takes 2 to 3 days to developed

A

TYPE 4: DELAYED OR CELL MEDIATED

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17
Q

acute generalized reactions that occur when a previously sensitized person reexposed to a particle antigen

A

Anaphylactic reaction

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18
Q

Clinical manifestations of this reaction include hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and granulocytopenia

A

CYTOTOXIC REACTIONS

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19
Q
  • Reaction result from the formation of antibody complexes in serum, which often deposit in blood vessel walls, resulting in activation of complement and endothelial cell injury
A

TYPE 3: IMMUNE COMPLEX

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20
Q

Dose Related
Time Dependent
Duration (↑) = Risk (↑)

A

TYPE C: CONTINOUS

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21
Q

person takes the drug compulsively

A

Addiction

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22
Q

craving and compulsive drug seeking behavior (body)

A

Physical Dependence

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23
Q

abstinence from drug produces physiological symptoms (mind)

A

Psychological Dependence

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24
Q
  • reduced effect with repeated used of thedrug;decreased in physiological response to the susbtancewiththecontinuous use of the same dose
A

Tolerance

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25
Marijuana and Opiates Addiction Physical Dep Psychological Dep Tolerance
Addiction
26
Painkillers & Nicotine Addiction Physical Dep Psychological Dep Tolerance
Tolerance
27
BZD, CAFFEINE, COCAINE Addiction Physical Dep Psychological Dep Tolerance
Psychological Dep
28
Time-Dependent type of ADR
TYPE D: DELAYED
29
30
Other name of Carcinogenicity
Malignant Neoplasms
31
drug that causes neural tube defectcs
Carbamazepine
32
drug that causes increase risk of development of vaginal and adenocarcinoma after puberty
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
33
drug that causes fetal hydantoin syndrome
Phenytoin
34
drug that causes 8th nerve damage
STREPTOMYCIN
35
drug that causes discoloration of teeth
TETRACYCLINE
36
drug that causes phocomelia
THALIDOMIDE
37
drug that causes powerful teratogen
ISOTRETINOIN
38
-Adequate, well-controlled studies of pregnant mothers -No risk of fetal abnormalities in animals
Category A
39
No adequate, well – controlled studies of pregnant mothers -No risk of fetal abnormalities in animals
Category B
40
No adequate, well – controlled studies of pregnant mothers ○ Animal studies – showed adverse effects
CATEGORY C
41
Adequate, well – controlled studies of pregnant mothers ○ Risk present ○ Benefit > risk
CATEGORY D
42
Adequate, well – controlled studies of pregnant mothers ○ Contraindications ○ Benefit < risk
CATEGORY X
43
Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters)
CATEGORY A
44
Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
CATEGORY B
45
Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
CATEGORY C
46
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
CATEGORY D
47
Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits.
CATEGORY X
48
Use of the product is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant
CATEGORY X
49
Use of Lansoprazole
CATEORY B
50
Use of Leflunomide
CATEORY X
51
Teratogenic Effect of: LITHIUM
EBSTEIN ANOMALY
52
Teratogenic Effect of: VPA Valproic Acid
SPINA BIFIDA
53
Teratogenic Effect of: Anabolic Steroids
Masculinization of female fetus
54
Teratogenic Effect of: THALIDOMIDE
PHOCOMELIA
55
3 Manifestations of Phocomelia
Polyneuriti Limb deformities Mental retardation
56
Teratogenic Effect of: CARBAMAZEPINE & VALPROIC ACID
Neural birth defects
57
Teratogenic Effect of: DES Diethylstilbestrol
Risk of developing vaginal adenocarcinoma after puberty
58
Teratogenic Effect of: PHENYTOIN
Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome
59
Teratogenic Effect of: Tetracycline
Discoloration & defects of teeth & altered bone growth
60
Teratogenic Effect of: Streptomycin
8th Cranial Nerve
61
-Unexpected failure of Therapy -common -Dose-related
TYPE F: FAILURE OF THERAPY
62
It refers to any ADR produced by the administration of drug or co-exposed of the drug to another substance, which modified the patient’s response to the drug
DRUG INTERACTION
63
5 Drug Interactions
○ Drug-food ○ Drug-laboratory ○ Drug-drug ○ Drug-herb ○ Drug-disease
64
- one that causes the interaction
PRECIPITANT DRUG
65
- one that is affected in the interaction
OBJECT DRUG
66
Effect: Bisacodyl + Milk
Alteration of pH
67
Effect: Barbiturates + Alc
INC Sedation
68
Lidocaine + Phenytoin =
Excessive Cardiac Depression
69
Lidocaine + Procainamide =
Additive Neurological Effects
70
Management for Lidocaine ADR
Pramoxine
71
Erythromycin Should not be given with food =
Erythromycin stearate
72
Erythromycin Can be given with food =
Estolate and Ethylsuccinate
73
Occurs when two or more drugs, with or without the same overt effect, are used together to yield a combined effect that has an outcome greater than the sum of the single drugs active components alone
SYNERGISTIC/SYNERGISM
74
Describes a particular type of synergistic effect-a drug interaction in which only one of two drugs exerts the action that is made greater by the presence of the second drug
POTENTIATION
75
Has antagonistic effect and common to antidotes
ANTAGONISM
76
is a type of chemical incompatibility wherein chemical reaction can be reduced by mixing the solution in dilute forms or by changing the order of mixing
Tolerated
77
This refers to the potential of effect when 2 drugs with the same active ingredient or with the same action are taken at the same time
ADDITIVE
78
supported by well proven clinical studies
Established
79
very likely but might not be proven clinically
Probable
80
might occur and some data might be available
Suspected
81
could occur and limited data are available
Possible
82
doubtful ; no good evidence of an alteredclinical effect is available
Unlikely

PSMA (15 decks)

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