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PSMA > Clinical Pharmacy (Heart) > Flashcards

Clinical Pharmacy (Heart) Flashcards

1
Q

The spectrum of acute ischemia related syndromes ranging from UA to MI with or w/o ST elevation that are secondary to acute plaque rupture or plaque erosion

A

Acute Coronary Syndrome

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2
Q

Shortness of breath

A

Dyspnoea

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3
Q

Profuse perspiration

A

Diaphoresis

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4
Q

ECG

A

Electrocardiogram

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5
Q

A chest pain or
discomfort caused
when the heart muscle
doesn’t get enough
oxygen-rich blood.

A

Angina

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6
Q

most common form of angina, has a
more predictable pattern,
which is brought on by
exertion, emotional stress,
or a heavy meal , which is
usually relieved by rest ,
nitroglycerin.

A

Stable (Classic) Angina

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7
Q

Type of angina where rest angina, severe new-onset angina and increasing angina is experienced; Decreased response to rest or nitroglycerin

A

Unstable Angina

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8
Q

Unstable Angina
Usually is prolonged > 20
min occurring within a week of presentation

A

Rest Angina

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9
Q

Unstable Angina
angina with 2 months onset of initial
presentation

A

Severe New-Onset Angina

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10
Q

Unstable Angina
refers to previously
diagnosed angina that is distinctly more frequent, longer in duration, or lower in threshold

A

Increasing angina

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11
Q

Type of angina where there is coronary artery spasm, artery already has a fixed obstruction, usually occurs at rest, and CCBs are most effective rather than B-blockers.

A

Prinzmetal’s Angina

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12
Q

Other name for Prinzmetal’s Angina

A

Vasospastic/Variant

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13
Q

ALT

A

Alanine Amino Transferase

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14
Q

AST

A

Aspartate aminotransferase

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15
Q

Used in tx of angina

A

Nitrates

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16
Q

used in the immediate
treatment of unstable
angina and is used for longterm therapeutic relief .

A

Intravenous Nitroglycerine

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17
Q

This angina occurs in the
recumbent position and is not
specifically related to either rest
or exertion.

A

Angina decubitus

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18
Q

Other name of Angina decubitus

A

Nocturnal angina

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19
Q

reduce oxygen demand, both at rest and during exertion, by decreasing the heart rate and
myocardial contractility, which also decreases arterial
blood pressure

A

B-Blockers

20
Q

Should be avoided in Prinzmetal angina and asmatha patients

A

B-Blockers

21
Q

These agents prevent and reverse coronary spasm by inhibiting
calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle and myocardial muscle.
This results in increased blood flow, which enhances myocardial
oxygen supply

A

CCBs

22
Q

used innstable (exertional) angina that is not controlled by nitrates and β-blockers and in patients
for whom β-blocker therapy is inadvisable

A

CCBs

23
Q

death of myocardial cells from
inadequate oxygenation, often caused by a
sudden complete blockage of a coronary
artery; characterized by localized formation of
necrosis (tissue destruction) with subsequent
healing by scar formation and fibrosis

A

Myocardial Infarction

24
Q

Drug used as pain relief for MI

A

Morphine

25
Q

Bloodthinners for MI

A

ASA

26
Q

Anti-platelet for MI

A

Clopidogrel

27
Q

Normal Heart Rhythm

A

60-100 beats per min

28
Q

Origin of the heartbeat should be
from the ______

A

SA node

29
Q

_________ are deviations from the normal heart beat pattern. These disrupts the normal sequence of atrial and ventricular
activation.

A

Cardiac Arrhythmia

30
Q

This refers to a slow heartbeat —
a resting heart rate less than 60
beats a minute

A

BRADYARRYTHMIA

31
Q

This refers to a fast heartbeat — a
resting heart rate greater than
100 beats a minute.

A

TACHYARRYTHMIA

32
Q

A rapid heart rate caused by
chaotic electrical impulses in
the atria. These signals result
in rapid, uncoordinated, weak
contractions of the atria.

The chaotic electrical signals
bombard the AV node…

This is associated with serious
complications such as stroke

A

Atrial Fibrillation

33
Q

The heartbeats are more-organized
and more-rhythmic
electrical impulses than in
atrial fibrillation.

This may also lead to
serious complications
such as stroke

A

Atrial flutter

34
Q

A broad term that includes
many forms of arrhythmia
originating above the
ventricles (supraventricular)
in the atria or AV node.

seem to cause sudden
episodes of palpitations that
begin and end abruptly

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

35
Q
  • A type of supraventricular
    tachycardia, there is an extra
    electrical pathway between the
    atria and the ventricles, which is
    present at birth.
  • This pathway may allow
    electrical signals to pass
    between the atria and the
    ventricles without passing
    through the AV node, leading to
    short circuits and rapid
    heartbeats
A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

36
Q

A rapid, regular heart rate that originates with abnormal electrical signals in the ventricles. The rapid heart rate doesn’t allow the ventricles to fill and contract efficiently to pump enough
blood to the body.

A

Ventricular tachycardia

37
Q

This occurs when rapid, chaotic electrical impulses cause the ventricles to quiver
ineffectively instead of pumping necessary blood to the body. This serious
problem is fatal if the heart isn’t restored to a normal rhythm within minutes.

A

Ventricular fibrillation

38
Q

A heart disorder that carries an increased risk of fast, chaotic heartbeats.

A

Long QT syndrome

39
Q

Chest pain aka

A

Angina

40
Q

Sudden, heavy sweating

A

Diaphoresis

41
Q

anticholonergic drug, blocks vagal
effects on the SA node, promoting
conduction through the AV node.

A

Atropine

42
Q

Slow conduction through
the AV node, interrupt reentry pathways
through the AV node.

A

Adenosine

43
Q

Sudden cessation of heartbeat
and cardiac function, resulting in
the loss of effective circulation.

A

Cardiopulmonary
Arrest

44
Q

Absence of systole; failure of the ventricles of
the heart to contract (usually caused by
ventricular fibrillation) with consequent
absence of the heart beat leading to oxygen
lack and eventually to death.

A

Cardiopulmonary
Arrest

45
Q
A

PSMA (15 decks)

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