Phase 1 Block 14

Question 1

`How many types of motion are there in relation to flight

Answer 1

There are 3 types of motion pertaining to flight

Question 2

What are the types of motion pertaining to flight?

Answer 2

1. Acceleration
2. Speed
3. Velocity

Question 3

What is Acceleration?

Answer 3

Acceleration is the rate of change of speed and or velocity of matter with time

Question 4

What is speed?

Answer 4

The rate of movement in terms of distance measured in an alloted amount of time

Question 5

What is velocity?

Answer 5

The quickness or speed of an object in a given time and direction

Question 6

How many laws of motion are there?

Answer 6

There are 3 laws of motion

Question 7

What is Newton’s First Law?

Answer 7

Newton’s First Law states that an object will remain at rest, or an object in motion will stay in motion at same speed and in same direction, until acted upon by an outside force

Question 8

What is Newton’s Second Law?

Answer 8

Newton’s Second Law states if an object moving with uniform speed is acted upon by an external force, the change of motion, or acceleration, will be directly proportional to the amount of force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object being moved

Question 9

What is Newton’s Third Law?

Answer 9

Newton’s Third Law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 10

What is Lift?

Answer 10

Lift is the force that acts in an upward direction to support the aircraft in the air, it counteracts the effects of weight Lift must be greater than or equal to weight if flight is to be sustained

Question 11

What is weight?

Answer 11

Weight is the force of gravity acting downward on the aircraft and everything on the aircraft

Question 12

What is drag?

Answer 12

Drag is the force that tends to hold an aircraft back. Drag is caused by disruption of air about the wings, fuselage, or body Drag resists motion

Question 13

What is Thrust?

Answer 13

Thrust is the force developed by the aircraft’s engine and they act of the forward direction Thrust must be greater than or equal to the effects of drag in order for flight to begin or be sustained

Question 14

What is the Longitudinal Axis of Aircraft?

Answer 14

The Longitudinal Axis or (Roll) is an imaginary reference line running down the center of an aircraft between the nose and tail

Question 15

What is the Lateral Axis of an aircraft?

Answer 15

The Lateral Axis or (Pitch) is an imaginary reference line running parallel to the wings

Question 16

What is the Vertical Axis of an aircraft?

Answer 16

The Vertical Axis or (YAW) is an imaginary reference line running from the top to the bottom of an aircraft

Question 17

What controls the Roll or Longitudinal Axis?

Answer 17

Ailerons control the Roll

Question 18

What controls the Pitch or Lateral Axis?

Answer 18

The Elevators control the Pitch

Question 19

What controls the Yaw or Vertical Axis?

Answer 19

The Rudder controls the YAW

Question 20

What is the cyclic stick?

Answer 20

Roll/Pitch Tilts the plane (angle) of the rotor blades forward, aft, or sideways giving the helicopter its directional motion by changing the direction of the lift, from vertical to a varying degree based on a 0 degree centerline

Question 21

What is the Tail Rotor?

Answer 21

YAW component counteracts torque of the main rotor by increasing or decreasing the amount of horizontal thrust the tail rotor produces, this movement is around the vertical axis

Question 22

What are some non axis affecting flight controls?

Answer 22

• Flap
• Spoiler
• Speed Brakes
• Slats

Question 23

What is a Flap?

Answer 23

A Flap or (leading/Trailing edge) Creates extra lift by lengthening the top section of the wing resulting in maximum lift It also reduces takeoff runs and landing rollout

Question 24

What is a Spoiler?

Answer 24

A spoiler is used to decrease or spoil wing lift by destroying the smooth flow of air over wing surfaces, creates a more predictable landing glidescope

Question 25

What are Speed Brakes?

Answer 25

Hinged or moveable control surfaces used for reducing the speed of aircraft

Question 26

What are Slats?

Answer 26

• Moveable control surfaces attached to the leading edge of the wing
• When open or extended forward a lot is created between the slat and wing leading edge
• High energy air is introduced into the boundary layer
• At low airspeeds this improves the lateral control handling characteristics allowing the aircraft to be controlled at airspeeds below the normal landing speed
• This is known as boundary layer control

Question 27

What does Collective mean, in reference to flight terms?

Answer 27

• Main rotor of a helicopter consists of two or more rotor blades
• Lift is accomplished by rotating blades through the air at a high rate of speed
• Lift may be changed by collectively increasing the angle of attack or pitch of the rotor blades
• When the rotor is turning and the blades are at zero pitch (flat pitch) no lift is developed

Question 28

What is an AoA?

Answer 28

AoA stand for Angle of Attack

Question 29

What does Angle of Attack mean?

Answer 29

• AoA is the angle at which the airfoil or fuselage meets the flow of air defined as the angle between the chord line of the wing and the relative wind
• Angle of Attack is measured in “units” as opposed to degrees

Question 30

What is Autorotation?

Answer 30

Autorotation is a method allowing a helicopter to land safely from altitude without using engine power

• The collective is lowered allowing reverse airflow through the rotor to maintain RPM
• When the helicopter reaches the predetermined altitude the collective pitch is increased to convert inertial energy into lift to reduce the rate of descent and cushion the landing

Question 31

What makes up a Basic Aircraft Hydraulic System?

Answer 31

• A reservoir to hold a supply of hydraulic fluid
• A pump to provide a flow of fluid
• Tubing to transmit the fluid
• A selector valve to direct the flow of fluid
• An actuating unit to convert the fluid pressure into useful work

Question 32

List the Landing gear main components and their purpose

Answer 32

• Shock Strut Assembly-Absorbs the shock that would otherwise be sustained by the airframe
• Tires- Allow the aircraft to roll easily and provide traction during takeoff and landing
• Wheel Brake Assembly- Used to slow/stop aircraft, used to prevent aircraft from rolling while parked
• Retracting/Extending Mechanism- Necessary hardware to electrically or hydraulically extend and retract landing gear
• Side Struts/Supports- Provides lateral strength and support for landing gear