Phase 1 block 1-3 Flashcards
Intro, block 1 (SORM), block 2 (First Aid), Block 3 (CPR)
When was the EAWS program established?
1980
When did it become Mandatory?
August 2010
What does SORM stand for?
Ship Organization and Regulations Manual
What is the SORM used for?
To cover the basic principles the Ship (CVN 72)
What Lincoln instruction is the SORM under?
LINCOLNINST.1D
How many chapters make up the SORM?
16
How many objectives of First Aid are there?
3 Primary Objectives
What are the objectives of Fist Aid?
- Prevent Further Injury
- Prevent Infection
- Preserve Life
How many areas can First Aid be categorized into?
8 Categories
What are the categories of First Aid?
- Bleeding
- Burns
- Fractures
- Electric shock
- Obstructed Airways
- Heat related injuries
- Cold weather injuries
- Shock
How many methods are used to control bleeding?
There are 4 methods used to control bleeding
What are the methods used to control bleeding?
- Direct Pressure
- Elevation
- Pressure Points
- Tourniquet (as a last resort)
What is a pressure point?
Point on the body where a main artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone
How many principal pressure points are on either side of the body?
There are 11 principal pressure points located on either side of the body
Where are the pressure points located and what are they?
- Superficial Temporal artery (temple)
- Facial artery (jaw)
- Common carotid artery (neck)
- Subclavian artery (collar bone)
- Brachial artery (inner upper arm)
- Brachial artery (inner elbow)
- Radial/ulnar artery (wrist)
- Femoral artery (upper thigh)
- Iliac artery (groin)
- Popliteal artery (knee)
- Anterior/posterior Tibial artery (ankle)
How many classifications of burns are there?
There are 3 classifications of burns
What are the symptoms of a First Degree burn?
Redness, warmth and mild pain
What are the Symptoms of a Second Degree burn?
Red, blistered skin, and severe pain
What are the Symptoms of a Third Degree burn?
Destroyed tissue, skin and bone (in severe cases); However pain may be absent due to damaged nerve endings.
What is the most severe class of burns?
Third Degree Burn
How many types of fractures are there?
There are 2 types of fractures
Describe a closed/simple fracture
Broken bone without a break in the skin
Describe an open/compound fracture
Broken bone with a break in the skin and possible bone protrusion
What type of injury can lead from: “little or no evidence of injury” to “severe trauma with associated cardiac arrest”?
Electric shock
What are some indicators that someone may have an obstructed airway?
- Inability to talk
- Grasping and pointing towards the throat
- Exaggerated breathing efforts
- Skin turning a bluish color
How many types of Heat Related Injuries are there?
There are 2 types of Heat Related Injuries
What are the types of Heat Related Injuries?
- Heat exhaustion
- Heat stroke
What are some indications of Heat Exhaustion?
- Skin is cool, moist and clammy
- Pupils are dilated
- Body temperature normal or high
- Victim is sweating profusely
What are some indications of Heat Stroke?
- Victim is unable to eliminate excessive body heat buildup
- Hot and/or dry skin
- Uneven pupil dilation
- Weak rapid pulse
How many types of Cold Weather Injuries are there?
There are 3 types of cold weather injuries
What are the types of Cold Weather Injuries?
- Hypothermia
- Superficial Frostbite
- Deep Frostbite
What is Hypothermia?
Hypothermia is a general cooling of the whole body caused by exposure to low or rapidly falling termperature, cold moisture, snow or ice.
What are some indications of Hypothermia?
- Victim may apper pale or unconscious
- May seem dead
- Breathing is slow and shallow
- Pulse is faint or even undetectable
- Body tissues feel semi rigid
- Arms and legs may feel stiff
What is superficial frostbite?
When ice crystals are forming in the upper skin layers after exposure to temperatures 32ºF or lower.
What is deep frostbite?
When ice crystals are forming in the deeper tissues after exposure to temperatures 32ºF or lower.
What is Shock?
Life-threatening medical condition where the body suffers from insufficient blood flow as a result of a serious illness or injury
.
How many types of Shock are there?
There are 5 types of shock.
What are the types of Shock?
- Cardiogenic
- Anaphylactic
- Septic
- Hypovolemic
- Neurogenic
What is Septic Shock?
Bacteria multiplying in the blood and releasing toxins
Common causes include:
- pneumonia
- intra-abdonminal infections (ruptured appendix)
- meningitis
What is Anaphylactic shock?
Severe hypersensitivity or allergic reaction
Causes:
Allergies to insect stings,Medicines, and Foods
What is Cardiogenic Shock?
Heart is damaged and unable to supply sufficient blood to the body
Can be the end result of a heart attack or congestive heart failures
What is Hypovolemic Shock?
Severe blood and fluid loss usually caused by traumatic bodily injury
What is Neurogenic Shock?
Spinal cord injury
What does CPR stand for?
CPR stands for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
What is CPR?
Combination of rescue breathing and chest compressions delivered to victims thought to be in cardiac arrest.
What can CPR do when cardiac arrest occurs?
CPR can support a small amount of blood flow to the heart/brain to “buy time” until normal heart function is restored
What are the steps for CPR?
The steps for CPR are C/A/B
- Circulation
- Airway
- Breathing
Why were the steps for CPR changed from A/B/C?
Due to the recognition of the importance chest compressions have on successful victim resuscitation.
How many steps of the survival chain are there?
There are six steps to the survival chain.
What are the steps of the survival chain?
- Recognition/Activation of CPR
- Chest compressions
- AED/Defibrillator
- Rapid Defibrillation
- Effective advanced life support (EMT’s, Ambulance)
- Integrated Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
