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Developmental Biology > Pharyngeal (Brachial) Arches > Flashcards

Pharyngeal (Brachial) Arches Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does ectoderm give rise to

A

skin and neural tube

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2
Q

what does ectoderm come from

A

form epiblast layer

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3
Q

what does mesoderm layer give rise to

A

just about everything else

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4
Q

where does mesoderm come from

A

migratory cells of epiblast layer

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5
Q

what does endoderm give rise to

A

gut

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6
Q

what does endoderm come form

A

from hypoblast layer

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7
Q

what sit he neural crest / ecto-mesenchyme come from

A

from ectoderm that migrates into mesoderm to form structures of head and neck

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8
Q

what is the opening for the mouth called

A

stomatodeum

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9
Q

how long until PA form

A

20 days

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10
Q

what does the PA give rise to

A

most head and neck region

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11
Q

when is all head and neck prod

A

56 days

very rapid dev

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12
Q

at 28 days what can be seen structure of embryo

A

fronto-nasal prominence
stomatodeum
PA
cardiac swelling

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13
Q

what can be seen on frontonasal prominence

A

lens placode

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14
Q

when do PA appear

A

4th - 5th week

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15
Q

what is the PA

A

bars of ecto-mesenchymal tissue migrate in

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16
Q

what are the arches sep by

A

clefts/grooves - externally and pouched internally

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17
Q

whtare th genes of the PA that control dev

A

hoxabox genes

which allow cells to differentiate correctly

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18
Q

what are the PA branches numbered

A

1 2 3 4 6

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19
Q

why is there no PA 5

A

doesn’t exist in humans

sometimes appears as swelling but dissaears

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20
Q

what does a PA consist of

A 
ectoderm - outside 
endoderm - inside except PA  1
cartilage 
blood vessels and nerve
muscle
21
Q

what is the 1st arch

A

mandibular arch

22
Q

what des the mand arch give rise to

A 
mandible and max processes 
body tongue 
muscle mast 
Trigeminal 
max and carotid A's
23
Q

what is the cartilage in the 1st arch

A

meckels cart

24
Q

what is meckels cart

A

primitive support

largely disappears

25
Q

what does merckels cart form

A

2 bones - incus and malleus

2 ligaments - sphenomand, sphenomalleolar

26
Q

what is the mutation of PA 1

A

teacher collins syndrome

27
Q

what causes teacher collins syndrome

A

can be single polymorphism

neural crest doesn’t form properly so abnormal form and and zygoma

28
Q

what happens in teacher collins

A 
fail neural crest migration 
facial bone hypoplasia
ear abnormalities
clefts
dental anomalies
29
Q

what are some dental anomalies that can occur in teacher collins syndrome

A

tooth agencies
enamel deformitits
misplacement upper 6’s

30
Q

what is the 2nd arch

A

hyoid arch

31
Q

what si the crat of PA 22

A

Reicharts cart

32
Q

what does reicharts arch form

A

stapes
lesser horn and sup hyoid body
styloid process
stylohyoid ligament

33
Q

what else is present from the PA 2

A 
facial expression muscles 
PBD 
thyroid gland 
tonsil
facial nerve
34
Q

what doe the PA 3 form

A 
greater horn hyoid 
inf hyoid body 
root tongue 
stylopharyngeus 
glossopharyngeal
35
Q

what does PA 4 form

A 
thyroid cart
pharynx
epiglottis
pharyngeal constrictor 
soft palate 
vagus - sup laryngeal nerve
36
Q

what does PA 6 form

A

cricoid and arytenoid cart
larynx
muscles larynx
vagus - inf laryngeal

37
Q

what does the 1st groove form

A

EAM and ear drum

38
Q

what happens to the 2nd - 6th clefts

A

disappear

obliterated by proliferating 2nd arch

39
Q

what des the 1st pouch form

A

eustachian tube
middle ear cav
tymp mem
ventral part obliterate by tongue

40
Q

what does the 2nd pouch form

A

tonsillar fossa

ventral part obliterated by tongue

41
Q

what does 3rd pouch form

A

inf parathyroid gland nd thymus

42
Q

what does 4th pouch form

A

sup parathyroid gland

43
Q

what is formed with the remnants of the 2nd-4th clefts

A

cervicalsinus

44
Q

where are pharyngeal membranes found

A

in the floor of the pharyngeal grooves

45
Q

where do the pharyngeal mems form

A

where epi of grooves and pouches approach each other

46
Q

what separates the endoderm and ectoderm

A

mesenchyme

47
Q

what PA mem become

A

tymp mem others obliterate

48
Q

what is brachial fistula/cyst

A

2nd arch fails to grow down sufficiently over 2nd and 4th clefts
along ant border of SCM

49
Q

what is ectopic thyme or parathyroid tissue

A

failure to migrate completely

Developmental Biology (12 decks)

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