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Developmental Biology > Development of the Mandible & Tongue > Flashcards

Development of the Mandible & Tongue Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

whats the mandibular process

A

developmental structure
lower1/3 face early dev
gives rise to mandible chin, lower lip

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2
Q

what is the mandible

A

bone

lower jaw

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3
Q

what is PA 1 imp for dev

A

mandible

mandibular arch

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4
Q

what is PA 1, 2 and 3 imp for dev

A

tongue

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5
Q

what is PA 4 imp for dev

A

4 thyroid gland

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6
Q

what does PA 1 do

A

lay framework for dev of mandible through meckels cart

malleus and incus

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7
Q

what re the muscles asscw with PA 1

A 
muscle mast 
ABD
mylohyoid 
tensor tympani 
tensor veli palatini
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8
Q

what is cart

A

sting flexible semi rigid support tissue

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9
Q

what can act withstand

A

compression forces and yet can bend

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10
Q

what is cart made by

A

chondroblasts and chondrocytes

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11
Q

what is the ecm of cart made of

A

10% aggrecan
75% water
mx collage fibres

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12
Q

what are the type of cart

A

hyaline
fibrocart
elastic

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13
Q

what is hyaline

A

most common

glassy appearance

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14
Q

what is fibrocart

A

tension insertions
intervertebral discs
reinforced with collagen bundles stop bones rubbing

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15
Q

what is elastic cart

A

eternal ear and epiglottis
flexible and resilient
elastic fibres

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16
Q

what is cart for

A

framework support - airways
articulating surfaces of bones
template for growth and dev long bones

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17
Q

what are the cells of cartr

A

chondrblast

chondrocyte

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18
Q

how do chondorblasts make cart

A

ECM sec by chondroblasts
trapped - chondrocytes form nests 2-4
lacunae

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19
Q

what si the surface of most cart

A

dense irregular CT - perichondrium

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20
Q

what id the outer layer of the crat

A

lots collagen prod fibroblasts and inner layer chondroblasts

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21
Q

how is crd unlike other CT

A

avascular so doesn’t gain any extra nutrients etc

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22
Q

what are the two growth mechanisms used for cart growth

A

interstitial growth

appositional growth

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23
Q

what is interstitial growth

A

chondrocytes grow and divide lay down more matrix inside the existing cart dev

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24
Q

what is appositional growth

A

new surface layers of matrix are added to pre existing matrix by chondroblasts from perichondrium

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25
Q

where does meckels cart form

A

in mand under tongue comes around doesnt meet in midline

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26
Q

what is meckels cart

A

cart of 1st arch
for mandible
6th week dev
from otic capsule to midline symphysis

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27
Q

by week 10 what has happened to meckels crat

A

mand formed bone used mocked cart template

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28
Q

what comes from the posterior extremity of meckels cart

A

malleus and sphenomalleolar ligament

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29
Q

what comes from the the sphenoid to div of mand nerve of meckels cart

A

cart disappears

its fibrocellular capsule persists as spehnomandibuar ligament

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30
Q

what comes from the lingual forward to div of alv nerve of meckels

A

totally absorbed

31
Q

what comes from meckels cart froward to midline

A

makes contribution to mandible by endochondral osification

32
Q

what is CCN2 required for

A

or CT GF required for proper dev of orofacial region

mandibular morphogen

33
Q

what does CCN2 accelrate

A

adhesion and aggregation 1st arch cells

promote remodel

34
Q

what ossify for mand

A

intraemmbranous ossification

35
Q

where si the primary centre of ossification for mand

A

between incisive and mental nerve

36
Q

what are the growth factors involved in for of mandible

A

vascular endothelial GF (VEGF)

transforming GF beta 1 and some BMP’s

37
Q

what ossification takes place at secondary cartilage sites

A

endochondral

38
Q

what is osteogenesis

A

process of laying down new bone material by osteoblasts

39
Q

what does mand endochondral ossification

A

for fo condensed mesenchyme chondrocytes dev = cartilaginous element

40
Q

what are th mandibular secondary cartilages

A

coronoid cart
symphyseal cart
condylar cart

41
Q

when dos the condylar car appear and diaspeae

A

appear - 10-12 weeks

disappear at 20 y.o

42
Q

when does the coronoid cart appear and disappear

A

appear - 14-16 weeks

disappear before birth

43
Q

when does symphyseal cart appear and disappear

A

appear - 16 weeks

disappear 1st year after birth

44
Q

how do secondary carts differ from primary

A

not part primary skeleton
fibrocart stop rubbing
appositional growth not interstitial

45
Q

what does the endochondral ossify of secondary carts mean

A

surface depo of new cart
calcification of sub-surface cart
resorption of calcified tissue
replace calcified cart w bone

46
Q

what are some dev abnormalities of mandible

A

agnathia
micrognathia
maccrognathia

47
Q

what is agnathia

A

no mandible
lack ectomesenchyme in mand arch
fatal

48
Q

what is micrognathia

A

v small mand
lack ectomesenchyme in arch
downs syndrome

49
Q

what is macrognathia

A

v large mandible
genetic
pituitary disordes - acromegaly

50
Q

what does the 3rd arch form

A 
greater horn of hyoid
inf hyoid bone 
root tongue 
stylopharygeus 
nerve IX
51
Q

when does the formation of tongue begin

A

week 4

52
Q

what does formation of tongue involve

A

PA 1
PA 3
PA 4
occipital somites

53
Q

what does PA 1 do in tongue form

A

2 lingual swellings laterally

tuberculum impar

54
Q

what does pA 3 do in tongue form

A

hypobranchial eminence

55
Q

what makes muscles assc with tongue

A

PA 4

occipital somites

56
Q

what does the foramen caecum form

A

thyroid gland form

57
Q

what is diff of sulcus terminals

A

diff epi

58
Q

how is there detachment of tongue ant 2/3

A

ectoderm grows between ant 2/3 and underlying arch

degenerates except in midline frenulum

59
Q

what makes ant 2/3 lingual mucosa

A

PA 1
general sense - trigem
taste - chords tymp facial

60
Q

what makes post 1/3 lingual mucosa

A

PA 3

inn glossopahrygeal

61
Q

what is origin of palatoglossu

A

PA 4

inn - phargeal plexus vagus

62
Q

what forms other intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue

A

migration of occipital somites

inv - hypoglossal

63
Q

what is the abnormal failure to fuse

A

bifid tongue - forked - triffid

64
Q

what is imperfect detachment of tongue

A

ankyloglossia

tongue tie

65
Q

what are some growth disorders assc with tongue

A

aglossia - arare
microglossia - cleft palate
macroglossia - downs

66
Q

what is PA 2 called

A

hyoid arch

67
Q

what is cart of PA 2

A

reicharts acrt

68
Q

what does PA 2 from

A

stapes
lesser horn and sup hyoid body
styloid process
stylohyoid ligament

69
Q

what are the muscles assc with PA 2

A

facila esp and PBD

70
Q

what gland assc with PA 2

A

thyroid gland nd tonsil

71
Q

what is de of thyroid gland assc with

A

tongue dev

72
Q

how si thyroid gland grown

A

epithelial down growth from foramen caecum
migration down midline to thyroid
disintegration fo thyroid duct

73
Q

what are some abdnoamltitis with thyroid dev

A

ectopic thyroid gland
tissue left behind
thyroglossal duct persist

Developmental Biology (12 decks)

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