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Developmental Biology > Development of the Skull > Flashcards

Development of the Skull Flashcards

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1
Q

why is an understanding of facial growth needed

A

malocclusion
abnormal growth patterns
treatment plans
treatment stability

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2
Q

what are some primary cartilages

A

meckels cart
reichert’s cart
nasal capsule

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3
Q

what is the function of primary cart

A

primitive support to set out path for facial bone dev and nerve dev

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4
Q

what si the structure of primary carts

A

hyaline cart

interstitial growth

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5
Q

what si the fate of primary carts

A

ossify

disappear

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6
Q

what are the two parts for the skull

A

neurocranium - brain case

viscerocranium - facial skeleton

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7
Q

what are the parts of the neurocranum

A

dermatocranium - cranial vault

chondrocranium - cranial base

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8
Q

what are the parts of the viscerocranium

A

special sensory

masticatory

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9
Q

what does the craianl base largely form form

A

series of cart

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10
Q

what are the primary carts assc with base of skull

A 
trabeculum - nasal capsule
hypophyseal cart
otic capsule 
parachordal carts
occipital somites 
occipital cart
orbitosphenoid 
alisphenoid
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11
Q

what are the bones of the cranial base

A 
sphenoid 
occipialt
temporal d- petrous 
ethmoid 
frontal
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12
Q

what is the ossification takes place at cranial base

A

endochondral ossification

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13
Q

where does dermal/membranous bones form

A

frontal
parietal
squamous temporal
occipital

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14
Q

what bones ossify by intramembranous ossifiction

A

ectomesenchyme - ant to coronal suture

mesenchyme - post to coronal suture

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15
Q

when does bone formation start

A

8 weeks for cranial vast

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16
Q

what is it called where bones meet

A

sutures

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17
Q

what are the common ways of skull growth

A

sutures
synchondroses
remodelling
secondary cartilages

18
Q

what are the two growth pathways asscwith cranium

A

neural - age 10 full

somatic - growth spurts

19
Q

what is sutural growth

A

growth due to expansion of underlying structures

20
Q

what re the layers at a suture

A

osteoblasts
cambial
capsular
middle layer

21
Q

what are the fontanelles

A

ant
anterolateral
posterolateral
posterior

22
Q

when do the fontanelles close

A

ant - 6-18 months
anterolat- 6 months
postlat - 6-18moths
post - 1-3months

23
Q

what is a synchondrosis

A

immovable cartilage joint

active growths site

24
Q

what growth occurs at synchondrosis

A

intersistial growth

25
Q

when does the spehno-ethmoidal synchondrosis fuse

A

around birth

26
Q

when’d does he sphene occipital synchorndoisi fuse

A

12 female
14 male
main site of elongation of cranial base

27
Q

what does achondroplasia do to skull formaiton

A

concave face as middle 1/3rd not as well formed

effects synchondroses growth

28
Q

how are bone surfaces remodelled

A

surface depo - osteobalsst

surface resorption- osteoclast

29
Q

when does the max air sinus form

A

10 weeks

30
Q

how does the max air sinus form

A

primary pneumatisation - sir fill pouch in lat wall nasal cav
secondary pneumatisation - expansion by resorption of lat and inf walls

31
Q

if a upper post tooth removed how does this affect the sinus

A

sinus enlarges

alveolar height reduces - thin bone

32
Q

what are secondary cartilages made of

A

fibrocartilage

33
Q

how do secondary cartilages grow

A

appositional growth

34
Q

what is appositional growth

A

surface depo of new coat
calcification of sub-surface cart
resorption of calcified cart
replace of calcified cart with bone

35
Q

what are some secondary carts

A

symphyseal
coronoid
condylar

36
Q

when does symphyseal cart appears and disappear

A

16 weeks appear

disappear 1st year after brith

37
Q

when does coronoid cart appear nd disappear

A

appear 14-16 weeks

dis before birth

38
Q

when does condylar art appear and sipper

A

appear - 10-12 weeks

dis - 20 years of age

39
Q

what are some factors controlling growth patterns

A

hormonal
intrinsic
extrinsic

40
Q

what are hormonal influence on growth patterns

A

growth spurts

41
Q

what re intrinsic factors affecting growth patterns

A

within bone or cart - genetic

42
Q

what are the exrisic factors affecting growth patterns

A 
neural - brain growth 
special snes e- eye growth
muscle activity 
air sinuses
nasal septum growth 
soft tissue - cheek
teeth

Developmental Biology (12 decks)

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