Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin allergy: amoxicillin

A

NO

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2
Q

Penicillin allergy: augmentin

A

NO (other name for co-amoxiclav)

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3
Q

Penicillin allergy: co-amoxiclav

A

NO (amox + clavulanic acid)

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4
Q

Penicillin allergy: flucloxacillin

A

NO

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5
Q

Penicillin allergy: benzylpenicillin

A

NO (penicillin G)

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6
Q

Penicillin allergy: phenoxymethylpenicillin

A

NO (penicillin V)

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7
Q

Penicillin allergy: tazocin

A

NO (piperacillin + tazobactam)

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8
Q

Penicillin allergy: temocillin

A

NO

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9
Q

Penicillin allergy: Timentin

A

NO (Ticarcillin + Tazobactam)

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10
Q

Penicillin allergy: cephalosporins

A

CAUTION (any med starting with cef-)

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11
Q

Penicillin allergy: carbapenems

A

CAUTION (any med ending with -penam)

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12
Q

Penicillin allergy: aztreonam

A

CAUTION (beta-lactam), can be given for severe allergy - discuss with micro

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13
Q

DRUGCHARTS acronym

A

Details

Regular meds

Unpleasant reactions

Gravid

Contraindications

Hydration

Analgesia

Renal function

Thrombophylaxis

Signature

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14
Q

On a paper chart, how do you show a drug has been stopped?

A

Write word STOP
Reasons why
Your name/ the date
Unambiguous line scoring

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15
Q

Why are IV abx preferred for serious infection?

A

Greater bioavailability

Not affected by first-rate metabolism

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16
Q

Why are NSAIDs avoided post-op?

A

Increase risk of renal injury and bleeding

17
Q

Caution opiates and renal failure?

A

Renally-excreted: caution

Paracetamol fine

18
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

What drug does to body

19
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

What body does to drug

20
Q

Efficacy vs poetncy

A

Efficacy: max response drug can achieve when all available receptors/ binding sites are occupied
(eg loop diuretics have greater therapeutic efficacy cf thiazides)

Potency: amount of drug needed to get a response

21
Q

Enzyme inducers

A
PC BRAS
(these decrease drug conc)
phenytoin
carbamazepine
barbiturates
rifampicin
alcohol (chronic excess)
sulphonylureas
22
Q

Enzyme inhibitors

A
AODEVICES
(these increase drug conc)
allopurinol
omeprazole
disulfiram
erythromycin
valproate
isoniazid
ciprofloxacin
ethanol (acute intoxication)
sulphonamides
23
Q

Stopping COCP/ HRT pre-surgery

A

4 weeks before

24
Q

Stopping lithium before surgery

A

Day before

25
Q

Stopping K-sparing diuretics and ACEi

A

Day of surgery

26
Q

Rate for giving potassium

A

No more than 10 mmol/h

27
Q

Neuropathic pain (dosage)

A

Oral amitriptyline (10 mg nightly)

28
Q

Diabetic neuropathic pain (dosage)

A

Duloxetine (60 mg oral daily)

29
Q

Paracetamol dosage

A

1 g 6-hourly
(500 mg if under 50 kg)

MAX 1g/ daily

30
Q

Codeine dosage

A

30 mg 6-hourly

31
Q

Co-codamol dosage

A

30/500

2 tabs 6-hourly

32
Q

Morphine starting dose

A

10 mg/ 5 mL

33
Q

Ibuprofen starting dose

A

200 (-400) mg 6-hourly

MAX 2.4g/ day

34
Q

Causes of low platelets (exam)

A

Illness (usually viral)
Drugs (esp pencillamine for RA)
Heparin

35
Q

Causes of hyponatraemia

A

Hypovolaemia: all diuretics, dehydration
Hypervolaemia: HF, renal failure etc

36
Q

What can raised urea suggest?

A

AKI or upper GI bleed (so look to see if Hb has dropped)

37
Q

Who requires split-dosing of gentamicin?

A

Endocarditis (8-hourly)

Renal failure (12-hourly)