Pharmacology

Question 1

Penicillin allergy: amoxicillin

Answer 1

NO

Question 2

Penicillin allergy: augmentin

Answer 2

NO (other name for co-amoxiclav)

Question 3

Penicillin allergy: co-amoxiclav

Answer 3

NO (amox + clavulanic acid)

Question 4

Penicillin allergy: flucloxacillin

Answer 4

NO

Question 5

Penicillin allergy: benzylpenicillin

Answer 5

NO (penicillin G)

Question 6

Penicillin allergy: phenoxymethylpenicillin

Answer 6

NO (penicillin V)

Question 7

Penicillin allergy: tazocin

Answer 7

NO (piperacillin + tazobactam)

Question 8

Penicillin allergy: temocillin

Answer 8

NO

Question 9

Penicillin allergy: Timentin

Answer 9

NO (Ticarcillin + Tazobactam)

Question 10

Penicillin allergy: cephalosporins

Answer 10

CAUTION (any med starting with cef-)

Question 11

Penicillin allergy: carbapenems

Answer 11

CAUTION (any med ending with -penam)

Question 12

Penicillin allergy: aztreonam

Answer 12

CAUTION (beta-lactam), can be given for severe allergy - discuss with micro

Question 13

DRUGCHARTS acronym

Answer 13

Details

Regular meds

Unpleasant reactions

Gravid

Contraindications

Hydration

Analgesia

Renal function

Thrombophylaxis

Signature

Question 14

On a paper chart, how do you show a drug has been stopped?

Answer 14

Write word STOP
Reasons why
Your name/ the date
Unambiguous line scoring

Question 15

Why are IV abx preferred for serious infection?

Answer 15

Greater bioavailability

Not affected by first-rate metabolism

Question 16

Why are NSAIDs avoided post-op?

Answer 16

Increase risk of renal injury and bleeding

Question 17

Caution opiates and renal failure?

Answer 17

Renally-excreted: caution

Paracetamol fine

Question 18

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 18

What drug does to body

Question 19

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 19

What body does to drug

Question 20

Efficacy vs poetncy

Answer 20

Efficacy: max response drug can achieve when all available receptors/ binding sites are occupied
(eg loop diuretics have greater therapeutic efficacy cf thiazides)

Potency: amount of drug needed to get a response

Question 21

Enzyme inducers

Answer 21

PC BRAS
(these decrease drug conc)
phenytoin
carbamazepine
barbiturates
rifampicin
alcohol (chronic excess)
sulphonylureas

Question 22

Enzyme inhibitors

Answer 22

AODEVICES
(these increase drug conc)
allopurinol
omeprazole
disulfiram
erythromycin
valproate
isoniazid
ciprofloxacin
ethanol (acute intoxication)
sulphonamides

Question 23

Stopping COCP/ HRT pre-surgery

Answer 23

4 weeks before

Question 24

Stopping lithium before surgery

Answer 24

Day before

Question 25

Stopping K-sparing diuretics and ACEi

Answer 25

Day of surgery

Question 26

Rate for giving potassium

Answer 26

No more than 10 mmol/h

Question 27

Neuropathic pain (dosage)

Answer 27

Oral amitriptyline (10 mg nightly)

Question 28

Diabetic neuropathic pain (dosage)

Answer 28

Duloxetine (60 mg oral daily)

Question 29

Paracetamol dosage

Answer 29

1 g 6-hourly (500 mg if under 50 kg) MAX 1g/ daily

Question 30

Codeine dosage

Answer 30

30 mg 6-hourly

Question 31

Co-codamol dosage

Answer 31

30/500 | 2 tabs 6-hourly

Question 32

Morphine starting dose

Answer 32

10 mg/ 5 mL

Question 33

Ibuprofen starting dose

Answer 33

200 (-400) mg 6-hourly MAX 2.4g/ day

Question 34

Causes of low platelets (exam)

Answer 34

Illness (usually viral) Drugs (esp pencillamine for RA) Heparin

Question 35

Causes of hyponatraemia

Answer 35

Hypovolaemia: all diuretics, dehydration Hypervolaemia: HF, renal failure etc

Question 36

What can raised urea suggest?

Answer 36

AKI or upper GI bleed (so look to see if Hb has dropped)

Question 37

Who requires split-dosing of gentamicin?

Answer 37

Endocarditis (8-hourly) Renal failure (12-hourly)