Breast Flashcards

1
Q

Red flags for gynaecomastia

A

Testicular mass

Suspicion of breast ca: rapidly enlarging, > 5cm, hard or irregular breast tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ix for gynaecomastia

A

May not need if obvious cause/ physiological

Bloods: U&Es, LFTs, TFTs, LH/FSH, hCG, oestradiol, testosterone, prolactin

Karyotype

US: testes, breast - FNA/ biopsy
CXR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Breast screening

A

Age 50-70 every 3 years

Above 70 every 3-yearly on request

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mx mastalgia

A

NSAIDs - evening primrose oil - reduce caffeine - danzol - bromocriptine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If non-cyclical mastalgia, what could be cause?

A

Tietze’s syndrome (costochondritis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who is affected by periductal mastitis?

A

Smokers, caused by anaerobes

Abscess may form, that can discharge spontaneously to form fistula discharging to areolar margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mx periductal mastitis

A

abx

may need total duct excision and fistulectomy for recurrent discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Green, black or cream d/c from nips usually caused by what?

A

Duct ectasia
(shortening and dilatation of ducts)
Reassurance or duct excision if copious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What sort of nipple d/c needs investigating?

A

Bloodstained from single duct

?duct ectasia, ?ductal CIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Differential for nipple eczema

A

Paget’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Breast mouse

A

Fibroadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Benign breast lump in older women, similar to breast lump

A

Phyllode’s tumour

has potential to develop into sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of cystic lummps

A

Cyst!

Galactocoele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Breast trauma lump

A

Fat necrosis (looks craggy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many women will get breast ca?

A

1 in 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Risk factors for breast ca

A
BRCA1 and BRCA2 (account for 5% cases)
first-degree premenopausal relative with breast ca
early menarche
late menopause
nulliparity or late pregnancy
prolonged use (5 years+ HRT)
benign breast pathology
17
Q

how many cancers not seen on mammogram?

A

10%

18
Q

what are the prognostic factors for breast ca?

A

tumour size, grade, axillary node status

19
Q

Definition of DCIS. How many convert to invasive ca?

A

Pre-invasive ca - has not invaded BM

in 10 years 50% will have become invasive

20
Q

Commonest type of breast ca

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

21
Q

What breast ca did you think you had?

A

Invasive lobular carcinoma

22
Q

Where does breast ca metastasise to?

A

lymph nodes, liver, lungs, bones, and brain