Infectious Diseases Flashcards
Patients with infectious mononucleosis should avoid what?
Ampicillin
Causes maculopapular rash
Compare the ulcers of syphilis and HSV-2
Painless chancre - painless lymphadenopathy
Herpes - shallow, painful ulcers - tender lymphadenopathy
Cellulitus + systemic fevers
?bacteraemia
?osteomyelitis or septic joint
Daytime mosquito bites more commonly cause what?
Dengue fever
Crescent shadow on AXR of immunocompromised
Aspergilloma
Cheese and ketchup on fundoscopy shows what?
CMV retinitis (ischaemic areas and haemorrhages)
What are the 3 stages of Lyme disease?
Rash, fever, malaise, myalgia
Neurological (meningitis, cranial nerve palsies, amnesa) and cardiac complications (myocarditis, conduction abnormalities)
Arthritis and ataxia
What causes glandular fever?
EBV
How is gonorrhea transmitted?
Sexually
Vertically (birth)
Presentation of gonorrhoea
M: purulent discharge, urethritis - 2/7 after exposure
F: usually asymptomatic, or as above
may also cause proctitis, pharyngitis
systemically unwell
Cx gonorrhoea
M: prostatitis, epididymo-orchitis
F: PID, bartholinitis
can have haematogenous spread and all sorts
neonate: conjunctival gonorrhea
Ix gonorrhoea
M & C urethral, vaginal discharge
if joint - aspirate will show gonococcus
Mx gonorrhoea
Recommended treatment for confirmed, uncomplicated gonococcal anogenital infection in adults is ceftriaxone 500 mg IM stat plus azithromycin 1 g orally stat.
What is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis
perihepatitis caused by gonorrheal spread to liver capsule, causing adhesions (F)
How is syphilis transmitted?
Sexually
Vertically (placenta)
Mx syphilis
Penicillin
How is chlamydia transmitted?
Sexually
Vertically (birth)
Syphilis bug name
Treponema pallidum
Chlamydia bug name
chlamydia trachomatis
Mx chlamydia
Doxycycline 100 mg twice-daily for seven days (contra-indicated in pregnancy); OR
A single dose of 1 g of azithromycin
TV mx
metronidazole
Ix TV
microscopy of wet fim of discharge shows them swimming
Sx TV
vaginitis, foul-smelling discharge
What bug commonly causes erypsipelas
Strep pyogenes
How is erypsipelas different from cellulitis?
More superficial
Chlamydia testing
First void urine (should have been in bladder at least an hour).
Women can also have endocervical swab or low vulval self-swab.
Also rectal swabs.
What are the 4 species of protozoa that cause malaria?
Plasmodium falciparum
P.ovale
P.vivax
P.malariae
Where does the malarial parasite complete asexual reproduction?
Human liver
What is cerebral malaria?
P.falciparum causing ‘sticky’ RBCs occluding small vessels
Which cells does HIV infect?
CD4: helper T-lymphocytes, mmonocytes, macrophages, neural cells
Following seroconversion in HIV, what is the spectrum of presentations?
asymptomatic –> persistent generalised lymphadenopathy –> symptomatic –> AIDs
When should HIV be taken?
‘golden hour’
(certainly 48-72h)
taken for 28 days
Test for chlamydia
First void urine (should have been in bladder at least an hour).
Women can also have endocervical swab or low vulval self-swab.
Also rectal swabs.
