Infectious Diseases

Question 1

Patients with infectious mononucleosis should avoid what?

Answer 1

Ampicillin

Causes maculopapular rash

Question 2

Compare the ulcers of syphilis and HSV-2

Answer 2

Painless chancre - painless lymphadenopathy

Herpes - shallow, painful ulcers - tender lymphadenopathy

Question 3

Cellulitus + systemic fevers

Answer 3

?bacteraemia

?osteomyelitis or septic joint

Question 4

Daytime mosquito bites more commonly cause what?

Answer 4

Dengue fever

Question 5

Crescent shadow on AXR of immunocompromised

Answer 5

Aspergilloma

Question 6

Cheese and ketchup on fundoscopy shows what?

Answer 6

CMV retinitis (ischaemic areas and haemorrhages)

Question 7

What are the 3 stages of Lyme disease?

Answer 7

Rash, fever, malaise, myalgia

Neurological (meningitis, cranial nerve palsies, amnesa) and cardiac complications (myocarditis, conduction abnormalities)

Arthritis and ataxia

Question 8

What causes glandular fever?

Answer 8

EBV

Question 9

How is gonorrhea transmitted?

Answer 9

Sexually

Vertically (birth)

Question 10

Presentation of gonorrhoea

Answer 10

M: purulent discharge, urethritis - 2/7 after exposure
F: usually asymptomatic, or as above

may also cause proctitis, pharyngitis
systemically unwell

Question 11

Cx gonorrhoea

Answer 11

M: prostatitis, epididymo-orchitis
F: PID, bartholinitis
can have haematogenous spread and all sorts
neonate: conjunctival gonorrhea

Question 12

Ix gonorrhoea

Answer 12

M & C urethral, vaginal discharge

if joint - aspirate will show gonococcus

Question 13

Mx gonorrhoea

Answer 13

Recommended treatment for confirmed, uncomplicated gonococcal anogenital infection in adults is ceftriaxone 500 mg IM stat plus azithromycin 1 g orally stat.

Question 14

What is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis

Answer 14

perihepatitis caused by gonorrheal spread to liver capsule, causing adhesions (F)

Question 15

How is syphilis transmitted?

Answer 15

Sexually

Vertically (placenta)

Question 16

Mx syphilis

Answer 16

Penicillin

Question 17

How is chlamydia transmitted?

Answer 17

Sexually

Vertically (birth)

Question 18

Syphilis bug name

Answer 18

Treponema pallidum

Question 19

Chlamydia bug name

Answer 19

chlamydia trachomatis

Question 20

Mx chlamydia

Answer 20

Doxycycline 100 mg twice-daily for seven days (contra-indicated in pregnancy); OR
A single dose of 1 g of azithromycin

Question 21

TV mx

Answer 21

metronidazole

Question 22

Ix TV

Answer 22

microscopy of wet fim of discharge shows them swimming

Question 23

Sx TV

Answer 23

vaginitis, foul-smelling discharge

Question 24

What bug commonly causes erypsipelas

Answer 24

Strep pyogenes

Question 25

How is erypsipelas different from cellulitis?

Answer 25

More superficial

Question 26

Chlamydia testing

Answer 26

First void urine (should have been in bladder at least an hour).

Women can also have endocervical swab or low vulval self-swab.
Also rectal swabs.

Question 27

What are the 4 species of protozoa that cause malaria?

Answer 27

Plasmodium falciparum
P.ovale
P.vivax
P.malariae

Question 28

Where does the malarial parasite complete asexual reproduction?

Answer 28

Human liver

Question 29

What is cerebral malaria?

Answer 29

P.falciparum causing ‘sticky’ RBCs occluding small vessels

Question 30

Which cells does HIV infect?

Answer 30

CD4: helper T-lymphocytes, mmonocytes, macrophages, neural cells

Question 31

Following seroconversion in HIV, what is the spectrum of presentations?

Answer 31

asymptomatic –> persistent generalised lymphadenopathy –> symptomatic –> AIDs

Question 32

When should HIV be taken?

Answer 32

‘golden hour’
(certainly 48-72h)
taken for 28 days

Question 33

Test for chlamydia

Answer 33

First void urine (should have been in bladder at least an hour).

Women can also have endocervical swab or low vulval self-swab.
Also rectal swabs.