Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Final Frontier > pharmacology > Flashcards

pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

side effects for digitalis

A

arrhythmias
palpations
fatigue
GI disturbances
visual disturbances
hyperkalemia
confusion
delirum

digoxin toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

examples of digitals

A

Digitoxin
Lanoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mechanism of digitalis medication

A

slows down HR but increases the strength of contraction
quanitity < quality
increases cardiac output

use for systolic dysfunction (EF<40%) in pts with CHF

fewer and better contractions/beats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

antiarrhythmic drugs + antihypertensive drugs

A

beta blockers
ca channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

only antihypertensive drugs

A

diuertics
ACE inhibitors
ARB blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

beta blocker effects

A

decrease HR
decrease BP
bronchoconstriction

help with preload and reduce afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

beta blocker side effects

A

othostatic hypotension
dizziness
lightheadesness
rining in the ears
venous pooling
bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

who do you not use beta blockers with

A

asthma and COPD due to bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ca channel blocker examples

A

“pines and zems”

amlodipine
verapamil
diltiazem

common: Norvasc and Nefidipne - Procardia XL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mechanism ca channel blockers

A

decrease HR
decrease BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

adverse effects of ca channel blockers

A

orthostatic hypotenion
dizziness
lightheadedness
ringing in ears
venous pooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

explain loop diuretics mechanism

A

preload and afterload decrease so its good for both L and R CHF patients

inhibits reabsoption of water and electrolytes from the loop of henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

side effects of looped diuretics

A

hypokalemia
hypocalemia
hypoatremia
dehydration
orthostatic hypotension
reflex tachycardia
dizziness
lethargy
dizziness

everything is lost

reflex tachycardia: dueto the decrease in BP, the heart is trying to compensate and therefore increases HR due to a reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

explain potassium sparing dieretics

A

ex: sprionolactone and aldoctone

keeps potassium in

side effects:
hyperkalemia
gynescomastia (breast tissue in males)
hypocalemia
hypoatremia
dehydration
orthostatic hypotension
reflex tachycardia
dizziness
lethargy
dizziness

same effects as diuretics but whats different is hyperkalemia and gynescomastia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

explain thiazides

A

“CLUG”
hyperCALCEMIA
hyperLIPEDEMA
hyperURECEMIA
hyperGLYCEMIA

should be avoided with elderly, DM and renal dysfn=unction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do ACE inhibitors do

A

reduced BP by blocking ACE enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

orthostatic hypotension
hyponatremia
hyperkalemia
DRY HACKING COUGH
decreased taste perception
angioedema
dehydration

should not be comined with looped diuretics due to hyperkalemia side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

examples of ARB blockers

A

“sartans”

losartan
telmisarten
candesartan

18
Q

when would a patient be prescribed ARB blockers

A

when they are intolerant to ACE inhibitors (may have a dry hacking cough)

only given orally

19
Q
A
20
Q

side effects of ARB blockers

A

hypotension
dizziness
lightheadedness
fatigue
HYPERKALEMIA

21
Q

Examples of ACE inhibitors

A

“prils”

captopril
enalapril
lisinopril

22
Q

how do nitrate work

A

vasodilation of aterial and venous vessels

used for angina pectoris - stable or variant

given sublingually, 3 doses every 5 minutes

it significantly drops BP therefore they need to be sitting or lying down before taking a dose

side effects:
dizziness
lightheadedness
orthostatic hypotension
HA
flushing
reflex tachycardia
venous pooling

does not work for unstable angina. call 911

23
Q

what do nitrates do with preload and afterload

A

it decreases

24
Q

examples of blood thinners

A

warfarin
coumadin
heparin

25
Q

examples of blood thinner categories

A

anticoagulants
antiplatelets

26
Q

side effects for anticoagulants

A

bleeding
easy bruising
hemorrahge hemarthrosis
light headedness

27
Q

INR values

A

health: 0.9-1.1 seconds

if someone is on anticoagulants: 2-3 seconds

28
Q

examples of antiplatelets

A

aspirin
clopidogrel

29
Q

side effects antiplatelets

A

peptic ulcers
gastritis
risk of internal bleeding

30
Q

why would someone be on antiplatelets

A

prevent stroke and MI

31
Q

what do NSAIDs do

A

anti inflammatroy
antipyretic
analgesic

32
Q

side effects of NSAIDS

A

gastric ulcers
bleeding
n/v

33
Q

explain acetaminophen

A

ex: tylenol

block the sensation of pain, HA

NOT ANTI INFLAMMATORY

no acute side effects. only liver damage

34
Q

opioid pain relievers

A

methadone, fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, morphine

side effects: respiratory and CNS depression, bradycardia, constipation, slowed breathing, dizziness, drowsiness, slowness, addiction, tolerance

take medication 30 min prior to PT

35
Q

types of benzodiazepines

A

diazepam (valium)
clonazepam (klonopin)
alprazolam (xanax)

36
Q

what type of medication is prescribed for reduction mm spasms/myofascial pain sydnrome

A

cyclobenzaprine (flexeril)

37
Q

use of baclofen

A

works CNS

to reduce mm spasticity seeen with spinal cords lesion - MS, SCI, vs cerebrals lesions

38
Q

side effects of baclofen

A

hypotonia
confusion
hallucination
nausea
dizziness
increased risk of falls
drowsiness
shallow breathing

39
Q

how does botox works

A

blocks acetylocholine

mm spasticity seen with CP

40
Q

side effects of corticosteroids

A

osteoporosis
cushing syndrome (adrenal gland)
delyed wound healing

41
Q

side effects of bronchodilator drugs

A

tremors
palpatation (inc HR)
GI disturbances
dry mouth

42
Q

which of the following drugs would not be used to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients
- thiazide diuretics
- ACE inhibitos
- Ca channel blockers
- digitalis

A
  • digitalis
43
Q

differences between beta blockers and ca channel blockers

A

bb: cause bradycardia and works as a bronchoconstrictor. not safe to give to COPD/asthma patients

ca channel blockers: safe to give to COPD/asthma due to them not acting as a bronchoconstrictor

Final Frontier (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions