misc

Question 1

characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrom

Answer 1

fine motor dysfunction
visuomotor defecits
balance problems
weak grasp

presentation:
- maxillary hypoplasia
- elongated mid face
- short upturned nose
- short attn span
- poor growth

Question 2

myositis ossoficans

Answer 2

complication of quadriceps contusion and is caused by heterotropic bone formation on the femur.

during quad contraction, the mm belly rubs across the bone, causing sharp pain

Question 3

elaborate

mouth devations

Answer 3

a deviation during opening is associated with hypomobility toward theTMJ deviation and hypermobility contralaterally

Question 4

dehydration in infants

Answer 4

increases respiratory rate
fontalle will be sunken
cold hands/feeet
unable to cry

Question 5

differentiate orthostatic hypotension v autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 5

orthostatic:
- dizziness
- light headedness
- ringing in the ears when in a vertical position

autonomic:
- t6 or above
- increased BP
- pounding HA

Question 6

how are exercises performed with patients who have lymphedema

Answer 6

exercises:
proximal to distal

drainage:
distal to proximal

Question 7

emphysema

Answer 7

abnormal and permanent enlargment of the air spaces distal to the terminal nonrespiraotry bronchioles accompanied by destructive changes of the alveolar walls

patients would have difficulty breathing during exercise due to alveolar dilation

Question 8

what nerve innervates thenar and hypothenar eminences

Answer 8

thenar: median
hypothenar: ulnar, c8 nerve root

Question 9

rebound tenderness is associayed with/sign of what

Answer 9

peritoneal inflammation

Question 10

modified plantigrade

Answer 10

weight bearing on btoh UE and LE over a table or couch

Question 11

An individual with spina bifida uses a knee-ankle-foot orthosis to

Answer 11

substitute for the lack of mm activity

Question 12

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Answer 12

is an apophysitis of the tibial tubercle. It is not due to a traumatic incident and is commonly seen in pubescent individuals with a report of pain and tenderness over the tibial tubercle.

Question 13

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Answer 13

is used to describe many disorders around the knee that result in anterior knee pain. The patient would report pain in the anterior portion of the knee that worsens during impact-loading activities

Question 14

bones of the hand

Answer 14

Question 15

difference between leukopenia v leukocytosis

Answer 15

In leukopenia, the total number of leukocytes is less than normal, and the individual is at greater risk for infection

Leukocytosis is an abnormally high number of leukocytes that generally develops in response to acute infection

-penia- less

cytosis - abnormally high

Question 16

presenece of significant Q waves means what

Answer 16

indicitaive of MI

Question 17

premature atrial complex is indicitative of what wave

Answer 17

R wave and the P wave of the early beat is shaped differently from normal P waves

Question 18

peptic ulcer disease signs and symptoms

Answer 18

Signs of peptic ulcer disease include weakness, diaphoresis, epigastric pain, and coffee-ground emesis. Coffee-ground emesis results from bleeding that has slowed or stopped, with conversion of red hemoglobin to brown hematin by gastric acid.

Heparin is an anticoagulant and is associated with a higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Question 19

anterior compartment syndrome

Answer 19

can be caused by a blunt trauma and present with sensory deficits such as n/t and coolness of the extremity

Question 20

adventitous breath sounds

Answer 20

abnormal sounds such as crackles, weheezes and stridor

Question 21

why wouldnt you adminster insulin on the mm groups that are being worked?

Answer 21

faster delivery into the blood stream which could result in hypoglycemia during short term

Question 22

classic signs of acute bursitis

Answer 22

tenderness with palaption of the subacromial area
painful arc with PROM
protective mm spasms around the joint
end feel: empty and painful

Question 23

examples of empty end feel

Answer 23

acute joint inflammation
bursitis
abscess
fracture
pschogenic disorder

Question 24

examples of hard end feel

Answer 24

chondromalacia
OA
Myositis ossificans
fracture
loos bodies in joint

Question 25

paradoxical breathing

Answer 25

inward abdominal or chest wall movemnts with inspiration and outward mocement with expiration

Question 26

cheyne stokes respiratory pattern

Answer 26

breathing that waxes and wanes cyclically so that periods of deep breathing alternate with periods of apnea (no breathing)

Question 27

clasp knife phenomenon occurs when

Answer 27

result of injury to descending motor pathways from the cortex of the brainstem

Question 28

what has been found to reduce formation or thickness of hypertrophic scars?

Answer 28

pressure garments worn 23 hours/day

Question 29

lateral medullary syndrome

Answer 29

AKA: posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome -or- Wallenberg sydrome.

symptoms:
- Vertigo
- Nausea and vomiting
- Difficulty with balance and ambulation
- Difficulty maintaining sitting posture
- Blurry vision
- Horizontal or rotational nystagmus
- Crossed hemisensory disturbance
- ipsilateral reduction in facial pain & temperature sensation
- Contralateral reduction in trunk pain & temperature sensation
- Hoarseness
- Poor gag reflex
- Ataxia, both limb & gait
- Dysphonia (difficulty with sound production)
- Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
- Diplopia (double vision)
- Hiccups
- Horner’s syndrome (constricted pupil & drooping eyelid)
- Bradycardia

Question 30

difference between decorticare rigidity and decerebrate rigidity

Answer 30

decorticare rigidity
- sustained flexion of UE and extension in LE

decerebrate rigidity
- sustain extof the trunk and all extremities

Question 31

signs/symptoms of nonunion fracture

Answer 31

heat
swelling
erythema
tenderness at fx site

referral to PCP is indicated

Question 32

what is this working on?

Answer 32

ankle DF
posterior glide

Question 33

what is this working on

Answer 33

PF
anterior glide

prone - pf

Question 34

side effects for taking anticoagulants

Answer 34

ecchymosis (bruising) due to increased risk of bleeding

Question 35

non mechanical pain orgin

Answer 35

syndromes that are not actively related

inflammaotry disease, tumors, metabolic disorders

Question 36

sensory nerve conduction tests measure what and where

Answer 36

only measures the distal component of a peripheral nerve. it would not be able to detect abnormalities if the lesion is proximal to the dorsal root ganglion

Question 37

if a pt has had a recent prostatectomy and has UI, what structure can be contributing? what about a vasectomy?

Answer 37

prostateecomy: urethra
vasectomy: ductus deferns

Question 38

type of glide for:
- wrist flex
- wrist ext
- ulnar devation
- radial deviation

Answer 38

• wrist flex = dorsal
• wrist ext = volar
• ulnar devation = radial
• radial deviation = ulnar

Question 39

steroid induced myopathy

Answer 39

proximal mm of the lower and upper extremities are affected first

Question 40

karvonen formula

Answer 40

first you need to calcute HR max = 220-age
you also need HRrest

for moderate intensity, the range is 50-70%
for vigours intensity, the range is 70-85

TargetHR= (HRmax - HRrest x % intensity) + HRrest

you would get two numbers due to the range of 50-70% or 70-85%

Question 41

ABI range/scale

Answer 41

ankle SBP/arm SBP

greater>1.2 = falsey elevated, DM
1.19-0.95= normal
0.94-0.75= mild arterial disease and intermittent claudication
0.74-0.50 = moderate arterial disease and rest pain
<0.50 = severe arterial disease

Question 42

stages of lymphedema

Answer 42

1+ = mild, barely perceptible indentation, <1/4 pitting
2+ = moderate, easily identified depression; return to normal within 15 seconds; 1/4-1/2 inch pitting
3+ = severe, depression takes 15-30 seconds to rebound; 1/2-1 inch pitting
4+ = very severe, depression lasts for >30 seconds or more; >1in pitting