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Final Frontier > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

is polio a UMN or LMN

A

LMN

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2
Q

nmeumonic on how to remember blood gasses

A

“ROME”
Respiratory
Oppisite

Metablic
Equal

if ph is normal = compensated
if ph is abdnormal = uncompensated
if all 3 componets (ph, CO2, HCO3) are NOT normal = partially compensated

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3
Q

common sign of respiratory alkalsis

A

hyperventilition which can cause a reduction in CO2.

you need to give your pt reassurance and relaxed breathing. you can also give them a paper bag/rebreather mask to help. pain control is also essential a this can decrease hyperventilation

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4
Q

when is sodium bicarbinate used?

A

respiratory alkalosis

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5
Q

what movements are decreased with avascular necrosis

A

flexion
IR
ABduction

“FABIR”

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6
Q

conjugate gaze center looks at what

A

can be horizontal or vertical
you have them look to the same direction

if they cant follow (looking to the R) for example, R Abducens is affected

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7
Q

ultrasound needed for deep and superficial structures (MHz)

A

superficial: 3MHz
deep: 1MHz

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8
Q

pulsed US vs continuous US

A

pulse: acute
continuous: chronic

pulsed=non-thermal. continuous=thermal

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9
Q

physiological changes with pregnancy and aerobic exercise

A
  • respiration rate will not increase proportionally with mod to severe exercise
  • hematocrit levels will be lowered (however will rise with vigorous exercise)
  • decrease cardiac reserve
  • SV and CO will increase with steady state
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10
Q

normal Q angle

A

13-18

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11
Q

what characteristics are seen with an increase Q angle

A

femoral anteversion
geni valgum
lateral patellar tracking
abnormal femoral torsion
hyper pronated foot = toe in

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12
Q

bone healing times
- children
- adolecents
- adults

A
  • children: 4-6 weeks
  • adolecents: 6-8 weeks
  • adults: 10-18 week
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13
Q

cubital tunnel syndrome

A

ulnar nerve

a neuropathy of the ulnar nerve causing symptoms of numbness and shooting pain along the medial aspect of the forearm, also including the medial half of the fourth digit and the fifth digit. It is caused by compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow region.

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14
Q

Guyon Canal syndrome

A

ulnar nerve

a relatively rare peripheral ulnar neuropathy that involves injury to the distal portion of the ulnar nerve as it travels through a narrow anatomic corridor at the wrist. The ulnar nerve originates from C8-T1

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15
Q

characteristics of pulmonary fibrosis

A

dry hacking cough
fatigue
mm weakness
SOB
weight loss due to loss of apetite

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16
Q

anterior STT
Lateral STT

A

anterior STT: crude touch
Lateral STT: pain and temp

LPT - licensed PT, lateral pain temp

A STT: also is for itch and sexual sensations

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17
Q

spinocerebellar tract

A

unconcious proprioception info from mm spindles, golgi tendons, and touch and pressure from the cerebellum for control of voluntary movements

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18
Q

spinoreticular tract

A

conveys deep and chronic pain to reticular formation of the brainstem

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19
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

fwd displacement of one vertebra over another

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20
Q

sondylolysis

A

defect in the pars interarticularis or the arch of the vertebra

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21
Q

guidelines of exercising and dialysis

A
  • can exercise within the first hour of dialysis to avoid hypotensive episodes
  • 3-5 METS without discomfort
  • RPE used
  • no exercising after dialysis
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22
Q

how do sodium channel blockers work

A

block fast sodium which slow the conduction in fast channel tissues

they also treat arryhthmias

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23
Q

how do calcium channel blockers work

A

they interrupt the movement of calcium inot the heart and blood vessel tissue.
they are used to treat high blood pressure, angina and arrhthmias

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24
Q

how do ACE inhibitors work

A

highly selective drugs that interrupt a chain of molecular messengers that constrict blood vessels

they can improve cardiac function in individuals with HF and are used for patients with DM or early kidney damage

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25
Q

how do beta blockers work

A

decrease HR and CO which lowers the patient’s BP by blocking the effects of adrenalin.

used to treat arrhythmias and angina pectoris

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26
Q

reticulospinal tract

A

infuence mm tone and reflex activity via influence on the mm spindle activity. great influence on posture and gait

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27
Q

medial medullary syndrome

A

ipsilateral paralysis of tongue due to CN 12
contralateral paralysis of UE/LE due to effect of CST

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28
Q

NYHA classifications

A

1: no limation of physical activity
2: slight limation of physical activity/ comfortable at rest but ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpation of dyspnoea
3: slight limation of physical activity/ comfortable at res tbut less than ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpation of dyspnoea
4: unable to carry out any PA without discomfort

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29
Q

respiratory acidosis can be caused by what other etiologies.
what are the sign and symptoms?

A

chest trauma
L CHF
COPD
airway obstruction

visual disturbance, confusion, dizziness, decreased DTRs, ventricular fibrilation

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30
Q

metabolic acidosis characteristics

A

can be caused by: diabetic acidosis
renal failure
shock
salicylate overdose
sepsis

s/s
HA
mental dullness
kussmaul breathing
stupor
cardiac arhthmia s

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31
Q

respiratory acidos can be caused by? and s/s

A

high altitude
pregancy
fevers
hypoxia
increased tidal volume in vented patients

s/s:
light headedness
numb digits
tentany
convulsions
cardiac arrhythmias

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32
Q

metabolic alkolosis can be caused by? what are the s/s

A

caused by GERD and emesis

s/s
decreased respiration, numb digits, tetany, convulsions and cardiac arrhthymias

33
Q

boutonniere deformity

A

extension of the MTP and DIP
flexion of PIP

result of central tendon of extensors

34
Q

swan neck deformity

A

contracture of the intrinsic mm along with dorsal subluxation of the lateral extensor tendons

35
Q

mallet finger

A

rupture of the extensor tendon where it inserts in the distal phalanx of the finger

36
Q

in what phases of gait would you need 0 deg of knee ext

A

initial contact
end of terminal stance
end of terminal swing

37
Q

what mobilization would be needed to help with the swiping motion of the thumb on your phone

A

radial glide - extension of thumb

roll and glide in same direction for flexion and extension

38
Q

what glides would you do to help with elbow flexion? extension?

A

anterior= flexion
posterior=extension

39
Q

inverterd T waves are caused by what

A

caused by hypokalemia

40
Q

difference between ideomotor apraxia and ideational motor apraxia

A

ideomotor apraxia
- unable to produce any movement on command yet the patient will be able to perform habitual tasks when not provided on command

ideational motor apraxia
- inablity to produce movement on command as the patient is unable to formulate the required motor task

ideomotor - i deo task (motor) = can do the task when not asked

41
Q

compression levels for UE an LE garments

A

UE: 30-40
LE: 40-50

42
Q

compare complex regional pain syndrom, CRPS, 1 and 2

A

1: the physician has to confirm the nerve injury
2: not confirmed by pcp

CRPS: burning, pins and needles, abnormal sweating, changes from hot to cold, shiny thin skin, and changes in nail and hair growth

43
Q

where are Bouchards nodes found?
Heberden nodes?

A

Bouchards: PIP (BP)
Heberdens: DIP (HP)

Heberdens seen with OA.

Herb is an old name, old people get OA

44
Q

smith fracture:
scaphoid fracture:
colles fracture:
lunate fracture:

A

smith fracture:
- fall on a flexed wrist causing volar displacement of the disal part of the radius
(smith had VD)

scaphoid fracture:
- most common
- FOOSH injuries with the wrist extended and RD

colles fracture:
- fall on anextended wrist causing dorsal displacement of the distal radius
- aka Dinner fork deformity

lunate fracture:
- direct blow to the wrist or recurrent trauma to a hyperextended wrist .
- can cause AVN = kienbocks disease

45
Q

how do you place the electrodes when the mm is weak? pain?

A

weak = widely spaced and high sensitivity to recruit more motor units

pain/spasms: closert with low sensisitivty

46
Q

ramp time:
pulse frequency:
on:off :

A

ramp time: 2 sec
pulse frequency: 35-80
on:off : 1:5

47
Q

what LE PNF pattern would help with ambulation

A

D1 flexion

flexion
abduction
ER
DF
Inversion

48
Q

considered emergency with cancer patients

A
  • sudden loss of limb function
  • spinal cord compression
  • fever immune compromised patients
  • superior vena cava syndrome

not inferior vena cava

49
Q

primary risk factors of atherosclerorsis

A

HTN
hyperlipidemia
cigarette smoking

secondary risk factors: obesity, stress, activity level

50
Q

what position do you want to avoid with sponylolithesis

A

EXTENSION

51
Q

where should the lesion be to lose sight on one eye

A

optic nerve

52
Q

does the lymphatic system absorb fats or protetins

A

fats

53
Q

to improve eversion or inversion, what glide should be performed

A

eversion: medial glide of subtalar
inversion: lateral glide of subtalar

54
Q

what type of burn would most likley produce a keloid scar

A

deep partial thickness

55
Q

what type of precaution is Cdiff

A

contanct

c diff= c= contact

56
Q

correct order to donn PPE

A

gown
mask
goggles
gloves

think gloves are the thing thats in the pts room so thts what you put on last

57
Q

order to doff PPE

A

Gloves
Gown
goggles
Mask

face is last

58
Q
  • blisters:
  • vesicles:
  • wheal:
  • pustules:
A
  • blisters: large, serous filled
  • vesicles: small, serous filled
  • wheal: irregular edematous eruptions are called wheals
  • pustules: puss filled eruptions
59
Q

side effects of diuretics

A

excessive loss of potassium leading to hypokalemia, which that causes flattened or inverted t waves on the ecg.

nausea
weakness
polyuria
hyperglycemia
hypokalemia
postural hypotension

60
Q

rhabdomyolysis

A

rapid breakdown of skeletal musculature as a consequence to mechanical, chemical, or physical injury. the patient will report mm pain and weakness

61
Q

polymyaglgia rhematica

A
  • females over age of 70
  • unexplained stiffness and soreness that lasts for longer than 1 hour
  • affects shoulders and pelvis
  • difficulty with performing ADLs including rolling in bed and STS
62
Q

hetertropic ossifications

A

bone formation in non-osseous tissue. mm pain and loss of motion is the most common presenting symptom within 2 weeks of trauma.

will present with swelling, warmth, erythema, and tenderness with possible low grade fever

63
Q

painful arcs
- GH
- AC

A

glenohumeral: 45-120
acromioclavicular: 170-180

64
Q

when can you start phase 2 and 3 cardiac rehab

A

2, when stable for 24 hours
3, at 4-6 weeks after MI

65
Q

what is turgor

A

elasticity in the skin

think the top of the hand, if you pull on the skin, it returns fast.

ex: older adults have poor turgor, it takes a while for the sking to return to normal

ex: with dehydration, the skin becomes less elastic (turgor) due to decrease in fluids

66
Q

explain gloscow coma

A
67
Q

levels to COPD levels

A

mild: greater than 80 >=
mod: 50 <= x < 80
severe: 30 <= x < 50
very severe: <30

68
Q

neurogenic shock

A

hypotensive
bradycardia
cyanosis
warm dry extremeties
decreased CO
peripheral vasodilation
venous pooling

occurs with patiens T6 and above

69
Q

normal INR

A

1.1 or below

70
Q

what would an increase of INR indicate

A

the blood is thiner than normal
- a pt who is dehydrated would be lacking vitamin K and or would have malabsorption of multiple vitamis
- a lack of vitamin k would cause the blood to become thinner

71
Q

what would a decrease in INR indicate

A

cause the blood to become thicker and would increase the risk of patients developing a clot

72
Q

what are the pelvic floor mm

A

levator ani: iliococcygeal, pubococcygeus, puborectalis

i PP

73
Q

RA classifications

A
  1. able to perform usual activities (self care, vovational and avocation)
  2. able to perform usual self care and vocational acitivities BUT IS LIMITED in avocational acticities
  3. able to perform usual self care activities BUT IS LIMITED IN VOCATIONAL AND AVOCATIONAL activities
  4. limited in ability to perform usual self care, vocational and avocational activities
74
Q

difference between cortisol and aldosterone

A

cortisol
- helps control bodys use of BP, increase blood sugar and helps control your sleep-wake cycle
- the body releases cortisol during times of stress to help your body get an energy boost and better handle an emergency

aldosterone
- regualting BP and levels of sodium and potassium (electrolytes) in your blood
- regulates blood pH by controlling the levels of electrolyes in your blood

75
Q

closed pack positions for
- ulnohumeral
- radiohumeral
- proximal radioulnar

A

ulnohumeral: extension with supination
radiohumeral: 90deg flex + 5deg supination
proximal radioulnar: 5deg supination

76
Q

glide for shoulder h. adduction and h. abduction

A

h adduction = anterior
h abduction = posterior

77
Q

special precautions for pool therapy

A

special precautions:
- open with with occlusive dressing
- fear of water
- patients with G tube

78
Q

what artery does the posterior cerebral arteries arise from

A

basilar artery

79
Q

what gland is responsible for the secretion of TSH

A

pituitary

Final Frontier (20 decks)

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