exam 1

Question 1

stress incontinence

Answer 1

when the support of the bladder or urethra is weak or damaged but the bladder itself is normal.
- pressure is applied to the bladder from coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting, exercise, or other physical exertion that would increase abdominal pressure

Question 2

urge incontinence

Answer 2

involuntary contraction of the detrusor mm with a strong desire to void and loss of urine as soon as the urge is felt.

think UTI, Urge incontinence

Question 3

overflow incontinence

Answer 3

over distension of the bladder and the bladder cannot empy completely. the urine dribble out and dribbles so the client does not have any sensation of fullness or emptyin

Question 4

rule of 9s for children

Answer 4

abdomen and groin are the same for both.

for children - think odd numbers
- head 17
- arm 9
- leg 13
-

Question 5

preclampsia

Answer 5

HTN
protein in urine
severe fluid retention

it can progress to maternal convulsions, coma, and death if it becomes severe (eclampsia)

Question 6

eclampsia

Answer 6

the onset of tonic seizures in a women with pre-eclampsia. increasing the risk of ecmlampsia include upper R abdomnal pain, severe HA, and vision and mental status changes

Question 7

explain

CN 10

Answer 7

when CN 10 is affected, for example, you have the patient open their mouth and you notice the uvula shifted to the RIGHT. that means the LEFT cranial nerve is affected because its weak and is making the uvula deviate to the right

cranial nerve 10 - uvula

a healthy CN 10 maintains midline

Question 8

CN 9

Answer 8

glossopharyngeal maintains the gag reflex

Question 9

CN 12

Answer 9

hypoglossal, maintains the position of the tongue

Question 10

what is the appropriate modifcation for a wheelchair for someone who:
- normal
- B transfemoral amputations
- hemiplegic
- bariatric

Answer 10

• normal: in line with shoulder or slightly posterior
• B transfemoral amputations: behind shoulders, ~ 2 inch to widen BOS
• hemiplegic: seat is lowered to compensate for the loss of the weight of the users LEs
• bariatric: move foward

Question 11

decorticate rigidity

Answer 11

sustained contraction and posturing of the upper limbs in flexion and lower limbs in extension

Question 12

decerebrate rigidity

Answer 12

abdnormal extensor response refers to sustained contraction and posturing of the trunk and limbs in a position of full extension

abnormal extensory response

Question 13

drug: digitalis

Answer 13

treatment for CHF, it decreases and increases the strength of contraction

Question 14

anti-hypertensice drugs

Answer 14

Ace inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
thiazide diuretics

Question 15

acute unilateral vestibular hypofunction, UVH

Answer 15

resting nystagmus
oscillopsia
postural instablity
dysequillibrium

Question 16

manieres disease

Answer 16

recurrent and usuallly progressice vestibular disease
associated with tinnitus, deafness and sesnation of fullness in the ear and vertigo

Question 17

S3 heart sound

Answer 17

CHF

Question 18

S4

Answer 18

MI or HTN

Question 19

anterior compartment syndrome

Answer 19

weak DF (drop foot) which results in a high steppage gait
sensory loss between first and second toes

nerve: common peroneal nerve

MOI: trauma, tight shoelaces, ganglion or pes cavus

Question 20

late manifestations of CF

Answer 20

anorexia, clubbing, diahrrea

Question 21

early manifesations of CF

Answer 21

meconium ileus:

Meconium is the first stool (bowel movement) that a newborn has. This stool is very thick and sticky. Meconium ileus is a bowel obstruction that occurs when the meconium in your child’s intestine is even thicker and stickier than normal meconium, creating a blockage in a part of the small intestine called the ileum. Most infants with meconium ileus have a disease called cystic fibrosis.

Question 22

classifications of COPD

Answer 22

FEV1/FVC needs to be less than 0.70
along with chart below

mild: >= 80
moderate: 50-79
severe: 30-49
very severe: less than 30

Question 23

hyperthyroidism and calcium deposit relationshiP

Answer 23

associated with increased calcium deposits leading to periarticular or tendinous calcification.

chronic periarthritis is also associated with hyperthyroidism causing pain and reduced ROM, commonly in shoulder

hyperactive is also a common sign

Question 24

wagner classification scale

Answer 24

grade 1: superficila diabetic ulcer
grade 2: ulcer extension, involves ligament, tendon, joint capsule or fascia. no abcess or osteomyelitis
grade 3: deep ulcer with abcess or osteomyelitis
grade 4: gangrene to portion of forefoot
grade 5: extensive gangrene of foot

tool designed for examination of diabetic footwhen neuropathy and ischemia is present

Question 25

irritible bowel syndrome

Answer 25

functional disorer of motility of small and large intestine.
abdominal pain or discomfort is relieved by defecation and the pain tends to disappear at night (while sleeping)

pattern: lower left quadrant pain, constipation, diarrhea

Question 26

ulcerative colitis

Answer 26

inflammation and ulceration of the inner lining of the large intestine and rectum

symptoms: diahrrea, rectal bleeding

Question 27

diverticulitis

Answer 27

infection and inflammation that accompany a microperforation of one the diverticula

Question 28

unilateral vestibular hypofunction

Answer 28

term used when the balance system in the inner war, the peripheral vestibular system, is not working properly in one ear.

symptoms: dizziness or vertigo, poor balance (esp with head turns), trouble walking (esp outdoors, dark rooms, crowded spaces), blurred vision (esp with turning head quickly)

Question 29

otitis media

Answer 29

infection of the middle ear causing fever and ear pain

Question 30

restless leg syndrome

Answer 30

causes sleep disturbances, parasthesia, and uncomfortable sensations (itchy, pins and needles, creepy and crawly)