exam 1 Flashcards
stress incontinence
when the support of the bladder or urethra is weak or damaged but the bladder itself is normal.
- pressure is applied to the bladder from coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting, exercise, or other physical exertion that would increase abdominal pressure
urge incontinence
involuntary contraction of the detrusor mm with a strong desire to void and loss of urine as soon as the urge is felt.
think UTI, Urge incontinence
overflow incontinence
over distension of the bladder and the bladder cannot empy completely. the urine dribble out and dribbles so the client does not have any sensation of fullness or emptyin
rule of 9s for children
abdomen and groin are the same for both.
for children - think odd numbers
- head 17
- arm 9
- leg 13
-
preclampsia
HTN
protein in urine
severe fluid retention
it can progress to maternal convulsions, coma, and death if it becomes severe (eclampsia)
eclampsia
the onset of tonic seizures in a women with pre-eclampsia. increasing the risk of ecmlampsia include upper R abdomnal pain, severe HA, and vision and mental status changes
explain
CN 10
when CN 10 is affected, for example, you have the patient open their mouth and you notice the uvula shifted to the RIGHT. that means the LEFT cranial nerve is affected because its weak and is making the uvula deviate to the right
cranial nerve 10 - uvula
a healthy CN 10 maintains midline
CN 9
glossopharyngeal maintains the gag reflex
CN 12
hypoglossal, maintains the position of the tongue
what is the appropriate modifcation for a wheelchair for someone who:
- normal
- B transfemoral amputations
- hemiplegic
- bariatric
- normal: in line with shoulder or slightly posterior
- B transfemoral amputations: behind shoulders, ~ 2 inch to widen BOS
- hemiplegic: seat is lowered to compensate for the loss of the weight of the users LEs
- bariatric: move foward
decorticate rigidity
sustained contraction and posturing of the upper limbs in flexion and lower limbs in extension
decerebrate rigidity
abdnormal extensor response refers to sustained contraction and posturing of the trunk and limbs in a position of full extension
abnormal extensory response
drug: digitalis
treatment for CHF, it decreases and increases the strength of contraction
anti-hypertensice drugs
Ace inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
thiazide diuretics
acute unilateral vestibular hypofunction, UVH
resting nystagmus
oscillopsia
postural instablity
dysequillibrium
manieres disease
recurrent and usuallly progressice vestibular disease
associated with tinnitus, deafness and sesnation of fullness in the ear and vertigo
S3 heart sound
CHF
S4
MI or HTN
anterior compartment syndrome
weak DF (drop foot) which results in a high steppage gait
sensory loss between first and second toes
nerve: common peroneal nerve
MOI: trauma, tight shoelaces, ganglion or pes cavus
late manifestations of CF
anorexia, clubbing, diahrrea
early manifesations of CF
meconium ileus:
Meconium is the first stool (bowel movement) that a newborn has. This stool is very thick and sticky. Meconium ileus is a bowel obstruction that occurs when the meconium in your child’s intestine is even thicker and stickier than normal meconium, creating a blockage in a part of the small intestine called the ileum. Most infants with meconium ileus have a disease called cystic fibrosis.
classifications of COPD
FEV1/FVC needs to be less than 0.70
along with chart below
mild: >= 80
moderate: 50-79
severe: 30-49
very severe: less than 30
hyperthyroidism and calcium deposit relationshiP
associated with increased calcium deposits leading to periarticular or tendinous calcification.
chronic periarthritis is also associated with hyperthyroidism causing pain and reduced ROM, commonly in shoulder
hyperactive is also a common sign
wagner classification scale
grade 1: superficila diabetic ulcer
grade 2: ulcer extension, involves ligament, tendon, joint capsule or fascia. no abcess or osteomyelitis
grade 3: deep ulcer with abcess or osteomyelitis
grade 4: gangrene to portion of forefoot
grade 5: extensive gangrene of foot
tool designed for examination of diabetic footwhen neuropathy and ischemia is present
irritible bowel syndrome
functional disorer of motility of small and large intestine.
abdominal pain or discomfort is relieved by defecation and the pain tends to disappear at night (while sleeping)
pattern: lower left quadrant pain, constipation, diarrhea
ulcerative colitis
inflammation and ulceration of the inner lining of the large intestine and rectum
symptoms: diahrrea, rectal bleeding
diverticulitis
infection and inflammation that accompany a microperforation of one the diverticula
unilateral vestibular hypofunction
term used when the balance system in the inner war, the peripheral vestibular system, is not working properly in one ear.
symptoms: dizziness or vertigo, poor balance (esp with head turns), trouble walking (esp outdoors, dark rooms, crowded spaces), blurred vision (esp with turning head quickly)
otitis media
infection of the middle ear causing fever and ear pain
restless leg syndrome
causes sleep disturbances, parasthesia, and uncomfortable sensations (itchy, pins and needles, creepy and crawly)
