Neuro basics and examination Flashcards
frontal lobe lesion
“A CEO”
- apraxia and aphasia: Broca’s
- controls plan, programming, movement
- emotional, behavior control, personality affected
- olfaction affected
apraxia: inability to perform skilled tasks (driving/dressing up)
temporal lobe lesion
hearing
language comprehension (understanding what youre hearing)
aphasia: wernickes
brocas vs wernickes
brocas:
- AKA expressive aphasia AKA non fluent aphasia
- frontal lobe
- pt has slow hesitant speech
- treatment: yes/no questions
- brocas = broken speech
wernickes:
- AKA receptive aphasia
- temperol lobe
- pt cannot comprehend (they have trouble receiving info)
- word salad
- treatment: gestures and demonstration; give them visual feedback
parietal lobe lesion
perceptual disorders
sensory loss
occipital lobe lesion
visual loss
inability to identify previously known objects
where does each cranial nerve live in the brain?
” CE MI PONS MEDU”
cerebrum - CN 1-2
mid brain - CN 3-4
pons - CN 5-8
medulla - CN 9-12
how does the pupillary reflex work? describe the CN involved and its function
CN2 (sensory) senses bright light (ex in the night) AKA danger
CN 3 gets signals (motor) to constrict pupils
what does CN 3 do
moves eyeballs (up, down, down/in), opens eyelid, constricts pupils
of affected: strabismus (abnormal position of eyeball; causes lateral strabismus bc it normally moves eyes in); dialation of pupils
what nerves help the eyes move:
3: up, down, down/in
4: down and in (towards nose)
6: out
what nerve causes medial strabismus if affected?
CN 6 abducens
what nerve causes lateral strabismus if affected?
CN 3 oculomotor
if someone had conductive hearing loss, what occurs.
bone conduction > air conduction
they can hear it on their bone more (not when taken off) when being tested with the Rinne’s test.
explain the Rinne and Weber tests
- Rinne
- normal: air conduction > bone conduction
- place on mastoid and then remove it and place next to ear - Weber
- place on top of head. they should hear it on both sides equally.
– if the sound is louder on the AFFECTED side = conductive
– if the sound is louder on the UNAFFECTED side = sensorinueral loss
“CANS”
conductive, affected side
sensorineural, non affected side
if air conduction is louder/louder than bone conduction, what happens
normal
or
sensory nueral loss
what CN helps with chewing
triCHEWminal
trigeminal
CN 5
