peat 2 Flashcards
describe the stages of tissue healing
grade 1 sprain
structural damage only on microscopic level with slight local tenderness and without joint instability
grade 1 sprain
partial tear or rupture of the ligament, visible swelling and noticeable tenderness but without joint instability (or with mild instability)
grade 3 sprain
a severe sprain; complete rupture of the ligament with significant swelling and with instability of the joint
grade 1 strain
(mild) strains affect only a limited number of fibers in the muscle. There is no decrease in strength and there is a fully active and passive range of motion. Pain and tenderness are often delayed to the next day.
grade 2 strain
(moderate) strains have nearly half of muscle fibers torn. Acute and significant pain is accompanied by swelling and a minor decrease in muscle strength.
grade 3 strain
(severe) strains represent the complete rupture of the muscle. This means either the tendon is separated from the muscle belly or the muscle belly is actually torn in 2 parts. Severe swelling and pain and a complete loss of function are characteristic of this type of strain.
s1 represent what closure
mitral and tricuspid valves
s2 represents closure of what
mitral and tricuspid
PVC characterizations
wide QRS complex and absent P wave
VBI is associated with
with visual field cuts, visual dysfunction, drop attacks, and unsteadiness/incoordination
what body part do you assess first when prescribing a wheelchair
pelvis
emphysema
is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath.
In people with emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture — creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones.
This reduces the surface area of the lungs and, in turn, the amount of oxygen that reaches your bloodstream.
diminshed air sounds will be heard
what CN is responsible for swallowing
CN 10 vagus
changes in women during their 3rd trimester
CO increases 30-60%
oxygen consumption increases 15-20%
HR increases
Signs and symptoms of metastases
decreased tolerance to weight-bearing
change in deep tendon reflexes
change in sleep habits.
abnormal lymph node presentation
range in feeling from firm to hard, be mobile or nonmobile, and be tender or nontender.
a friction rub is heard with what dx
pleural effusion
what action does the gemelli mm do
ER
what aciton does the pectineus do
IR
what is cerebellar dysfunction characterized by
by delays in initiating and timing of movements.
Ataxia is a general term used to describe abnormal coordination of movements. It is demonstrated by deficits in speed, amplitude of displacement, directional accuracy, and force of movement (pp. 565, 567).
Ataxic movements are thought to occur due to impairments in the timing and duration of muscle activation.
what level ABI is warranted for arterial calcification
1.4
L ventricular dysfunction norms
BP
A drop in systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg with an increase in workload is considered an abnormal response
what happens with decreased insulin
protein synthesis because amino acid transport into cells requires insulin
in large quantities of urine being excreted, resulting in excessive thirst.
in large quantities of urine being excreted.
Fat production is altered, and fat breakdown occurs to liberate more glucose.
signs/symptoms of cholecystitis
may include pain that radiates to the right shoulder, right scapula, or interscapular area.
normal micturition
Contraction of the detrusor and relaxation of the pelvic floor
Landau reflex
The Landau reflex/reaction is elicited by supporting the infant horizontally in prone position. The expected response is that the infant will extend the neck and trunk
normal monofilament size
5.07
common areas for mestasis of breast cancer
bones and lungs
liver, CNS
examination findings for DMD
- hip flexors become shortened from overuse and the pelvis tilts anteriorly
- t/s begins to move into relative extension to compensate for pelvic tilt, along with scapula winging
- TFL contractures (age 8-10)
- hip ext ROM is often limited due to shortness of the hip flexors mm
- normal lordotic standing posture is increased
- hamstrings become contracted
s/s of c5-c6 nerve root involvement
Weak biceps, normal biceps reflex, and paresthesia in the thumb (1st digit) and index finger (2nd digit)
s/s of c4-c5 nerve root involvement
Weak deltoid, diminished biceps reflex, and paresthesia along the lateral aspect of the upper extremity
s/s of c7-t1 nerve root involvement
The C8 nerve root exits at the C7–T1 level, and the signs and symptoms listed in this option constitute the only combination that could only be attributed to involvement of the C8 nerve.
s/s of c7-t1 nerve root involvement
These signs and symptoms are associated with involvement of the C6–C7 nerve roots.
dx associated with
action tremors:
intention tremors:
resting tremors:
action tremors: cerebellar lesions
intention tremors: MS
resting tremors: PD
what mm make up the anatomical snuffbox
medial side: extensor pollicis longus
lateral side: extensor pollicus brevis AND abductor pollicis longus
proximal: styloid process of radius
floor: carpal bones; scaphoid and trapezium
how would you implement therapeutic exercise to assist with generalized lymphedema management
1.Deep-breathing exercises, trunk exercises, proximal limb exercises, distal limb exercises.
Exercises for lymphedema should follow a particular sequence to facilitate lymphatic flow. The sequence should start with relaxation so that tension in the body does not obstruct lymphatic flow. The next step is to clear central and proximal lymphatic vessels in the abdomen, inguinal, and cervical regions by doing trunk, hip, and neck exercises. Finally, the proximal regions (e.g., shoulders and hips) are worked to clear them before working distal regions (e.g., hands and feet).
how do tumors in the cerebellum present like
ataxia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, and intention tremor
A cardinal sign of cerebellar damage is postural instability in both static and dynamic conditions
Further, the gait pattern may be wide-based
Common interventions for ataxia include balance training and gait activities
shunt dysfunction
UE spasticity
HA
blurred vision
when is transverse friction contraindicated
Transverse friction massage is contraindicated in the presence of acute inflammation, hematomas, debilitated or open skin, and decreased sensation (p. 403). Massage should be avoided early in the treatment of myositis ossificans.
normal R atrial pressures
A right atrial pressure of 15 mm Hg is indicative of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and is an indication for lung transplantation.
Normal atrial pressures are 0-8 mm Hg
normal VO2 max
at least 25ml/kg/min
when would you need the greatest amount of PF during gait
preswing
action of fibularis tertius
DF and eversion
action of tibialis anterior
DF and inversion
action of fibularis longus
PF and inversion
action of tibialis posterior
PF and inversion
side effects for thiazide diuertic
3.Clammy skin, dizziness, hyperventilation, and hypotension
