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Final Frontier > peat 2 > Flashcards

peat 2 Flashcards

1
Q

describe the stages of tissue healing

A
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2
Q

grade 1 sprain

A

structural damage only on microscopic level with slight local tenderness and without joint instability

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3
Q

grade 1 sprain

A

partial tear or rupture of the ligament, visible swelling and noticeable tenderness but without joint instability (or with mild instability)

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4
Q

grade 3 sprain

A

a severe sprain; complete rupture of the ligament with significant swelling and with instability of the joint

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5
Q

grade 1 strain

A

(mild) strains affect only a limited number of fibers in the muscle. There is no decrease in strength and there is a fully active and passive range of motion. Pain and tenderness are often delayed to the next day.

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6
Q

grade 2 strain

A

(moderate) strains have nearly half of muscle fibers torn. Acute and significant pain is accompanied by swelling and a minor decrease in muscle strength.

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7
Q

grade 3 strain

A

(severe) strains represent the complete rupture of the muscle. This means either the tendon is separated from the muscle belly or the muscle belly is actually torn in 2 parts. Severe swelling and pain and a complete loss of function are characteristic of this type of strain.

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8
Q

s1 represent what closure

A

mitral and tricuspid valves

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9
Q

s2 represents closure of what

A

mitral and tricuspid

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10
Q

PVC characterizations

A

wide QRS complex and absent P wave

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11
Q

VBI is associated with

A

with visual field cuts, visual dysfunction, drop attacks, and unsteadiness/incoordination

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12
Q

what body part do you assess first when prescribing a wheelchair

A

pelvis

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13
Q

emphysema

A

is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath.

In people with emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture — creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones.

This reduces the surface area of the lungs and, in turn, the amount of oxygen that reaches your bloodstream.

diminshed air sounds will be heard

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14
Q

what CN is responsible for swallowing

A

CN 10 vagus

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15
Q

changes in women during their 3rd trimester

A

CO increases 30-60%
oxygen consumption increases 15-20%
HR increases

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16
Q

Signs and symptoms of metastases

A

decreased tolerance to weight-bearing
change in deep tendon reflexes
change in sleep habits.

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17
Q

abnormal lymph node presentation

A

range in feeling from firm to hard, be mobile or nonmobile, and be tender or nontender.

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18
Q

a friction rub is heard with what dx

A

pleural effusion

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19
Q

what action does the gemelli mm do

A

ER

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20
Q

what aciton does the pectineus do

A

IR

21
Q

what is cerebellar dysfunction characterized by

A

by delays in initiating and timing of movements.

Ataxia is a general term used to describe abnormal coordination of movements. It is demonstrated by deficits in speed, amplitude of displacement, directional accuracy, and force of movement (pp. 565, 567).

Ataxic movements are thought to occur due to impairments in the timing and duration of muscle activation.

22
Q

what level ABI is warranted for arterial calcification

A

1.4

23
Q

L ventricular dysfunction norms

BP

A

A drop in systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg with an increase in workload is considered an abnormal response

24
Q

what happens with decreased insulin

A

protein synthesis because amino acid transport into cells requires insulin

in large quantities of urine being excreted, resulting in excessive thirst.

in large quantities of urine being excreted.

Fat production is altered, and fat breakdown occurs to liberate more glucose.

25
Q

signs/symptoms of cholecystitis

A

may include pain that radiates to the right shoulder, right scapula, or interscapular area.

26
Q

normal micturition

A

Contraction of the detrusor and relaxation of the pelvic floor

27
Q

Landau reflex

A

The Landau reflex/reaction is elicited by supporting the infant horizontally in prone position. The expected response is that the infant will extend the neck and trunk

28
Q

normal monofilament size

A

5.07

29
Q

common areas for mestasis of breast cancer

A

bones and lungs

liver, CNS

30
Q

examination findings for DMD

A
  • hip flexors become shortened from overuse and the pelvis tilts anteriorly
  • t/s begins to move into relative extension to compensate for pelvic tilt, along with scapula winging
  • TFL contractures (age 8-10)
  • hip ext ROM is often limited due to shortness of the hip flexors mm
  • normal lordotic standing posture is increased
  • hamstrings become contracted
31
Q

s/s of c5-c6 nerve root involvement

A

Weak biceps, normal biceps reflex, and paresthesia in the thumb (1st digit) and index finger (2nd digit)

32
Q

s/s of c4-c5 nerve root involvement

A

Weak deltoid, diminished biceps reflex, and paresthesia along the lateral aspect of the upper extremity

33
Q

s/s of c7-t1 nerve root involvement

A

The C8 nerve root exits at the C7–T1 level, and the signs and symptoms listed in this option constitute the only combination that could only be attributed to involvement of the C8 nerve.

34
Q

s/s of c7-t1 nerve root involvement

A

These signs and symptoms are associated with involvement of the C6–C7 nerve roots.

35
Q

dx associated with

action tremors:
intention tremors:
resting tremors:

A

action tremors: cerebellar lesions
intention tremors: MS
resting tremors: PD

36
Q

what mm make up the anatomical snuffbox

A

medial side: extensor pollicis longus
lateral side: extensor pollicus brevis AND abductor pollicis longus

proximal: styloid process of radius

floor: carpal bones; scaphoid and trapezium

37
Q

how would you implement therapeutic exercise to assist with generalized lymphedema management

A

1.Deep-breathing exercises, trunk exercises, proximal limb exercises, distal limb exercises.

Exercises for lymphedema should follow a particular sequence to facilitate lymphatic flow. The sequence should start with relaxation so that tension in the body does not obstruct lymphatic flow. The next step is to clear central and proximal lymphatic vessels in the abdomen, inguinal, and cervical regions by doing trunk, hip, and neck exercises. Finally, the proximal regions (e.g., shoulders and hips) are worked to clear them before working distal regions (e.g., hands and feet).

38
Q

how do tumors in the cerebellum present like

A

ataxia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, and intention tremor

A cardinal sign of cerebellar damage is postural instability in both static and dynamic conditions

Further, the gait pattern may be wide-based

Common interventions for ataxia include balance training and gait activities

39
Q

shunt dysfunction

A

UE spasticity
HA
blurred vision

40
Q

when is transverse friction contraindicated

A

Transverse friction massage is contraindicated in the presence of acute inflammation, hematomas, debilitated or open skin, and decreased sensation (p. 403). Massage should be avoided early in the treatment of myositis ossificans.

41
Q

normal R atrial pressures

A

A right atrial pressure of 15 mm Hg is indicative of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and is an indication for lung transplantation.

Normal atrial pressures are 0-8 mm Hg

42
Q

normal VO2 max

A

at least 25ml/kg/min

43
Q

when would you need the greatest amount of PF during gait

A

preswing

44
Q

action of fibularis tertius

A

DF and eversion

45
Q

action of tibialis anterior

A

DF and inversion

46
Q

action of fibularis longus

A

PF and inversion

47
Q

action of tibialis posterior

A

PF and inversion

48
Q

side effects for thiazide diuertic

A

3.Clammy skin, dizziness, hyperventilation, and hypotension

Final Frontier (20 decks)

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