ff 3 Flashcards
stages of cancer
0: carcinoma is situ (premalignant, preinvasive)
1: early state, cancer is usually localized to primary organ
2: increased risk of regional spread because of tumor size or grade
3: local cancer has spread regionally but may not be distributed/scattered widely to distant regions
4: cancer has spread and distributed/scattered to distant sites
sounds heard with airway obstruction
continuous high pitches musical sounds
wheeze can be heard expiration>inspiration
sounds heard with atelectasis
crackles during inspiratiom
sounds heard with pulmonary edema
crackles with inspiration
sounds heard with a pneuomothorax
absent lung sounds
what is CN 2 responsible for
visual actuity and controls peripheral vision.
when affected, it can cause impaired near vision, impaired far vision or blindess. can also lead to bumping into objects secondary to lack of clear vision
compare systolic vs diastolic dysfunction/HF
systolic dysfunction: compromised contractilitity of the ventricles which may lead to decreased SV, CO, and *EF less than 40%
*
diastolic dysfunction: compromise of the relaxing and filling phase of the cardiac cycle (diastolic); this may lead to decreased SV and CO and the EF being between 55-75%
signs of dehydration
poor skin turgor (elasticity)
rapid/weak pulse (>100bpm)
rapid breathing
cold hands/feet
dry mouth/lips
suncken eyes
HA
postural hypotension
confusion
lethary
characteristics of scherumanns disease, asoociated withx rays
scheurmans disease can include
- schmorl nodules
- irregularities of the vertebral end plats
- anterior wedgingof the vertebral bodies of 5 deg or more (in 3 or omre consecuative vertebral bodies)
can also display lumbar lordosis secondary to the increase kyphotic curve
scheurmans disease is mmore kyphotic and no scholiosis
prothrombin time
12-15 sec
range for platelets
150,000 - 450,000
blood ammonia range
below 75
INR range
0.9-1.1
acupuncture like TENS range
frequency: 2-10pps
pulse duration: 200-300 microseconds
high rate conventional TENS range
pulse frequency: 100-150pps
pulse duration: 50-80 microseconds
stage 1 lymphedema
soft pitting edema
edema is reversible w elevation
edema may increase with activities
(-) stemmer sign
tissues may appear normal
describe the test you would do for a high ankle sprain (syndesmosis)
kleigers (external rotation stress test)
pt is seated with leg hanging over table with knee flexed to 90. PT stabilizes the leg with one hand and with the other, hold foot in plantigrade position (bottom of foot) and apply a passive lateral roation stress to the foot and ankle.
positive test if pain is produced over anterior or posterior tibiofibular ligaments and the interosseous membrane
grey turner sign
reddish brown coloring of the flanks and can be associated with hemorrhagic pancreaitis
cullen sign
acute pancreatitis
a bliish discoloration at the preumbilical area
acute pancreatitis
correlated with diarrhea, tachycardia, malaise and abdominal pain
pinch an inch test
blumbergs sign
tests for appendicitis
blumbergs
pinch an inch
mcbburneys point
can demonstarte abdominal mm guardng
positive hop test
n/s
low grade fever
dysuria
compare swan neck deformity v boutonieere deformity
swan neck deformity
- flexion of MCP and DIP, with extensio of PIP (contracture of intrinsic mm or teariing of volar plate)
- boutonieere deformity
- extension of MCP and DIP, with flexion of PIP (secondary of a central tendinouse slip of the extensor hood)
Estim parameters
- strength
- spasms
strength:
frequency: 35-80
duration: 200-350 microseconds
(150-200 for smaller mm)
ratio: 1:5
spasms:
frequency: 35-80
duration: 200-350 microseconds
(150-200 for smaller mm)
ratio: 1:1
asterognosis
difficulty or inability to identify objects through the sense of touch
S1 and S2 is associated with what
S1: closure of AV valve
S2: closure of semilunar valve
what labs are seen with liver damage
deceased seum albumin
normal ranges:
serum albumin: 3.5-4.8
ammonia: <75
ankolysing spondylitis v sacroiliac arthritis
ankolysing spondylitis
- PROM and AROM are decreased along with increased ESR values
- prolong morning stiffness, coughing/breathing is painful
sacroiliac arthritis
- B SIJ pain referring to gluteal area, prolonged morning stiffness, coughing is painful, normal las best and pretty normal range
thrombocytosis
increased amount of platelets
normal range 150k-450k
stages of lipedema
stage 1: Smooth skin with an increase of enlarged subcutaneous fat tissue.
stage 2: Uneven skin with indentations in the fat tissue and larger mounds of fat tissue (lipomas) able to be seen and felt.
stage 3: Large extrusion of fat tissue causing deformations especially on the thighs and around the knees.
stage 4: Development of lipolymphedema — a condition where both Lipedema and lymphedema are present in the body — with large overhangs of tissue on legs and/or arms.
type of glide for hip adduction and IR
lateral glide
stages of RA
- radiographic examination displays no destructive changes although osteoporsis may be present
- radiographic examination displays osteoporosis and may contain slight subchondral bone and catilage destruction; no joint deformities are present but joint moibility may be decreased; adjacent mm atrophy may be present; nodules and tenosynovitis may be present
- radiographic examination displaces cartilage and bone destruction with osteoporosis; presents of joint deformities (subluxations, ulnar deviations, hyperextension)
- fibrous or bony ankylosis is present, along with all of type 3
does CO increase or decrease after a burn
CO decrease
S3 heart sound
CHF
s4 heart sounds
HTN
MI
what test is this
positive test for supraspinatus tendinosis or secondary impingment
- the arm is passively flexed up to 90 deg in the plane on the scap. the arm is stabilized and the forearm is forced in IR
modification to hawkins kennedy
myotomal testing
C1-C2
C3
C4
C1-C2: neck flexion
C3: lateral flexion
C4: shoulder shrug
actions of piriformis
IR and abductor at 90deg of hip flexion
ER at 60 deg of hip flexion
combined motion to avoid hip dislocation after THA
flexion
Abduction
ER
FABER
wagner classification scale
- skin intact
- superficial ulcer of skin or subcutaneous tissue
- ulcer extended into tendon, bone, capsule
- deep ulcer with oestomyeltlits or abscess
- gangrene ot toes or forefoot
- midfoot or hindfoot gangrene
brunnstrom stages of stroke recovery
- flaccidity (acute); no active limb movement
- beginning of minimal voluntary movement; in syngery with associated reactioned; increased tone
- voluntary control of movement synergy (spasticity is at its peak); further increased tone to peak level
- movement outside of synergy (decreased tone)
- increased movement, greater independence from limb synergies
- individual joint movement, coordinated movement (hold 6 fingers up, you have 1 digit by its self= ind movement)
- normal function
platelet count ranges for exercises
> 10,000 = no exercise
10,000-20,000 = bike no resistance
20,000 and above = bike with out without resistance
Somatoagnosia
There is a lack of awareness of the body structure. The patient even doesn’t understand the relationship of body parts with oneself or to others.
They may not be able to imitate the movements of the therapist
compensated
uncompensated
partially compensated
compensated = pH is normal
uncompensated = if either CO2 or HCO3 is abnormal
partially compensated = all 3 are abnormal
examples of:
R. acidosis
R. alkalosis
M. acidosis
M. alkalosis
R. acidosis = hyperventaliation, anxiety
R. alkalosis = COPD, atelactasis
M. acidosis = DKA, renal failure, shock, sepsis
M. alkalosis = severe vomitting, diuretics
symptoms of alkalosis and acidosis
acidosis:
- HA
- sleepiness
- confusion
- LOC
- coma
- SOB
- coughing
- arrhythmias
- increased HR
- seizures
- weakness
- N/V
- diahreea
alkalosis
- confusion
- light headedness
- stupor
- coma
- hand tremor
- N/T in face, hands or feet
- twitching
- prolonged spasms
- N/V
diagnostic criteria for Metabolic Syndrome
- abdominal obesity (men: 40 women: 35)
- triglycerides more than 150
HDL less than 50 for females
HDL less than 40 for males - elevated BP (130/85 or more)
- insulin resistance or glucose tolerance: fasting blood sugar is over 100
type of incontinence seen with PD
urge (overactive)
caused by impaired neurological signals to the brain to the baldder
can also be seen with SCI, MS
bells palsy
facial weakness
twitching
drooping of mouth
difficulty closing eyelid
hypersensitivity to sound
all on the same side of lesion
L CN 7 affecttion causes L Bells Palsy
difference between boutonniere and swan neck deformity
boutonniere:
- extension of the MCP and DIP and flexion of the PIP
- caused by a rupture of the central tendon
swan neck:
- flexion of the MCP and DIP and ext of the PIP
- caused by contracture of the intrinsic mms along with a dorsal subluxation of the lateral extensor tendons
Borge RPE scale
types of abnormal end feels and examples
hard capsular: frozen shoulder
soft capsular: tenosynovitis
spring block: meniscal tear
empty: bursitis (pain)
taught vs slack extension aid
taught: cause terminal impact during late swing (abrupt knee ext)
slack: cause high heel rise during early swing (excessive knee flexion)
what kind of splint would be needed for max protextion phase for flexor tendon repairs
wrist tenodesis splint
dorsal blocking splint
D1 extension for the LE
start in hip flexion, adduction, ER, knee flexion, DF and inversion
ending with resisted:
hip extension, abduction, IR, knee ext or flexion, PF, eversion
