Pharmacokinetics Flashcards
what does Pharmacology mean?
studies of drug and their actions on living systems
What is a drug?
a small molecule that changes body function at a chemical and cellular level
Define Pharmacokinetics?
the process by which a drug enters the body and starts to produce an intended action
what is ADME?
A= absorption
D= distribution
M= metabolism
E= excretion
Oral administration
swallowing (pills)
Enteral administration
GI tract (NG tube)
Rectal administration
suppository
Inhalation administration
breathing (inhaler)
Intramuscular administration
deltoid muscle (flu shot)
Subcutaneous administration
fat tissue beneath skin (insulin)
Transdermal administration
patch
Bioavailability
% of drug that reaches the blood stream
Topical administration
Cream, lotions, ointments
Do you crush Enteric coated drugs and why?
No. They have a special coating to protect the stomach from irritation or sustain release of a medication
What type of pain are transdermal patches used for?
Chronic pain
How do you label and apply new patches?
put date, time, and initial, make sure to rotate site of area
Do you wear gloves when applying/removing patches?
yes
Do you double dip when applying topical agent?
NO!
What should you have patients do before taking an inhalent?
have them demonstrate how to do it
Fastest type of administration and why?
IV, goes straight to the blood
What are the 5 steps in the first pass effect?
- Drug is taken
- Drug is absorbed across the intestinal mucosa
- Drug enters circulation and travels to the liver
- on first pass through liver, drug is metabolized to less active form
- drug metabolites leave liver for distribution to tissue
What are the 4 types of parenteral medications?
Intravenous- Iv
Intradermal- testing for allergy/TB
Subcutaneous- insulin
Intramuscular- flu shot
Who are most at risk for toxicity and why?
Neonate- underdeveloped immune system
Geriatrics- decrease liver and kidney functions
Effects of grapefruit juice on meds?
-interfere with metabolizing rate
- lower levels of drug enzyme
Organ responsible for excretion and what labs should you review?
Kidneys
-GFR
-Serum creatine
- Creatine clearance
medical name for when the liver and kidney become toxic?
Hepatotoxic
nephrotoxic
What factors can impact distribution of meds?
Blood flow
Blood volume
Plasma Protein binding
