Hypertension Flashcards
cardiac and renal
2 tpyes of hypertension
Primary
secondary
what is primary hypertension
“essential hypertension”
known as silent disease because there is no diffinitive cuase, could be genetics
Secondary hypotension
caused by other medical diseases
ex: kidney disease, hypothyroidism, sleep apnea
normal BP range
120/80
Prehypertension range
systolic: >120-129
diastolic: <80
hypertension stage 1 range
systolic: >130-139
diastolic: >80-89
Hypertension 2 range
systolic: >140
diastolic: >90
Hypetension Crisis range
systolic: >180
diastolic: >120
what type of therapy is tried before drug therapy
Lifestyle changes for 3-6 months ex: diet, exercise, stop smoking
consequences of not managing hypertension
damage to the brain, eyes, heart, and kidneys
what does ACE stand for
Angiotension-converting enzyme
what does ARB’s stand for
Angiotention receptor blocker
ACE inhibitors generic endings
“Pril”
MOA of ACE inhibitors
blocks conversion of A1 to A2, lowering aldosterone/ADH
vasodilation
SE/AE of ACE inhibitors
SE: hypotension, hyperkalemia, persistant dry cough
AE: yellow eyes
Nursing consideration for ACE inhibitors
avoid salt alternatives
Catopril relation to diabetes
slow down renal insufficiency
assesments for ACE
BP, K+, I&O, allergic reactions, and infections
MOA for ARB’s
blocks binding of A2 receptors causing vasodilation
SE/AE of ARB’s
SE: hypotension, hyperlakemia, HA
AE: angioedema
nursing consideration in ace inhibitors
caution in renal/liver impairment
ARB’s generic endings
“sartin”
MOA of beta blocker
block epinephperine on cardiac system
selective/nonselective
lowers HR/contractility/BP
SE/AE of beta blockers
SE: hypotension, insomnia, fatigue
AE: chest pain, seizures
nursing considerations for beta blockers
hidden hypo/hyperglycemia
generic endings for beta blocker
“olol”
monitor in Beta blockers
BP, HR, daily weight, Blood sugar, SOB, edema, orthostatic hypotension
why should you not abruptly stop taking beta blockers
can cause heart attack
MOA Alpha blockers
block alpha 1 receptor, causes
vasodilation
generic endings for alpha blockers
“zosin”
SE/AE alpha blockers
SE: hypotension, fatigue, Ha
AE: arrythmias, chest pain, dyspnea
what should you avoid taking alpha blockers with
phosphodiesterase
ED med
(they both vasodilate)
generic endings for alpha-beta combo
“ilol” and “alol”
central acting adrenergic agonist moa
targets receptors in CNS to cause vasodilation
SE/AE of central acting adrenergic agonist
SE: dry mouth, nasal congestion
AE: bradycardia, cns system depression
example of central acting adrenergic agonist med
Clonidine (Catapress) -patch
methyldopa
calcium causes the arteries to
vasoconstrict
calcium causes the heart to
contract SA/AV node, raising BP
MOA of calcium channel blocker
blocks Ca+ from entering the heart and arteries, vasodilates, lowering BP and work load of the heart
generic endings for ca+ channel blockers
“dipine”
SE/AE of calcium channel blockers
SE: lower peripheral edema
Ae: CHF, constipation
monitor for in calium channel blockers
I&O, edema, breath sounds, SJS, grape juice increases absorbtion
Calcium channel blocer that works only on the arteris
Dihydropyridine
examples of dihydropyridine
amlodipine(Norvase)
nifedipine(Procardia)
felodipine(Plendil)
Calcium channel blocer that works on the heart/arties
Non-dihydroprydine
(monitor heart failure)
Types of Non-dihydropyridine
verapamil(Verelan)
diltiazem(Cardizem)
why are direct vasodilaters dangerous?
it dilates everything, used as last resort
MOA of direct vasodilators
works directly on peripheral arteries causing them to dilate
SE/AE
SE: hypotension, hypernatremia
AE: SJS w/minoxidil, tachycardia
monitor in direct vasodilators
BP, I&O, fall risk, dose 3-4xday, call provider if missed missed 2 consecetive doses
ex of direct vasodilators
hydralazine (Apresoline)
minixodil (Loniten)
nitrates/vasodialtors
acute angina pectoris-impending MI
chronic stable angina pectoris
MOA acute angina pectoris-impending MI & chronic stable angina pectoris
vasodilate by relaxing smooth muscle in blood vessel walls
SE/AE of acute angina pectoris-impending MI & chronic stable angina pectoris
SE: weakness, dizziness, flushing
AE: orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia
Nurisng consideration for actue angina pectoris-impending MI & chronic stable angina pectoris
do not take with ed meds
take multiple doses
example of acute angina pectoris-impending MI med
nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
how is nitroglycerin taken
sublingual
5 minutes apart and only 3 doses
3rd at the ED
ex of chronic stable angina pectoris med
isosorbide mononitrate (Imadure)
isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
brand name for nitroglycerin patch
NitroDur
what is NitroDur used for and how is it applied
transdermal patch used to prevent angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease, 12hr on 12hr off
