Edocrine Drugs Flashcards by Mee Xiong

Normal blood sugar

70-110

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Blood test for blood sugar

HbA1c

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Type I diabetes

insulin dependent
autoimmune condition

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Type II

-insulin resistant
-usually due to lifestyle management

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Signs of mild hypoglycemia

shaky
sweaty
hungry
blurred vision

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Signs of severe hypoglycemia

unable to eat
seizures
unconsciousness

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Polyphagia

cells are not getting glucose causing the body to feel hungry

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Polyuria

too much sugar in the blood causing increase in output

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Polydipsia

increased urine lost causes increased thirst

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complications of diabetes

-hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia
-hypotension
-heart disease
-stroke
-Nephropathy
-Neuropathy
-poor wound healing

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how is insulin administered

subcutaneous injection

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Why cant insulin be given orally?

because it is a protein that gets destroyed in the GI tract

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Rapid insulin

lispro-humalog
aspart -novolog

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MOA of insulin

-Stimulates peripheral glucose uptake
-Inhibits hepatic glucose productions, lipolysis, and proteolysis
-Inhibits regulating glucose metabolism

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Peak of rapid insulin

less than 15 minutes

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duration of rapid insulin

3-5 hrs

Peak of rapid insulin

30 min- 1.5 hrs

Types short acting insulin

Humulin R
Novolin R

onset of short insulin

30 min to 1 hr

Peak of short insulin

2-3 hrs

Duration of short insulin

5-8 hrs

Intermediate insulin

Humulin N
Novolin N

peak of intermediate insulin

4-12hrs

Onset of intermediate insulin

1-2 hrs

Duration of intermediate insulin

18-24

Long acting insulin

glargine (lantus)

onset of long acting insulin

3-4hrs

Peak of long acting insulin

none

duration of long insulin

24hrs

what type if syringe do we use to draw insulin

U-100, U-500

adverse effects of in sulin

-allergic reactions, swelling, itching, confusion, anxiety, dizziness

Insulin lipodystrophy

shrinking of the skin in pockets or not rotating sites of injection

check before insulin

-drug order -2 verification -Blood sugar -patient must eat within 15-30 min -correct type of insulin -inject subcutaneously, do not massage site

-check after giving insulin

-monitor hourly for SS of hypoglycemia -blood sugar levela

What should you teach to patients on insulin?

- management -insulin controls bs not cure it - diet/exercise helps prevent complications -don't skip meals -always have candy/carbs available