Adrenegic/antiadrenergic Flashcards
What do adrenergic drugs mimic?
The effects produced by the sympathetic nervous system
Adrenergic drugs produce effects similar to those produced by norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine.
Name a drug that is similar to epinephrine but less potent and has a longer action.
Ephedrine
What is pseudoephedrine commonly used for?
As a bronchodilator and decongestant
What effect does phenylephrine (Neosynephrine) produce?
Vasoconstriction
What is the mechanism of action for adrenergic drugs?
They combine with postsynaptic alpha and beta adrenergic receptors within the SNS
List some effects produced by adrenergic drugs.
- Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles
- Cardiac stimulation
- Peripheral vasoconstriction
- Relief of allergic symptoms
- Stopping local bleeding
- Decrease in pain sensation
What is a primary use of epinephrine in emergencies?
Cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock
How can epinephrine be administered?
- IM
- IV
- SQ
- Topically
- By inhalation
What is a contraindication for using adrenergic drugs?
Cardiac arrhythmias
What should be monitored when administering adrenergic drugs?
- Baseline vital signs
- Health history
- Urine output
- Blood glucose levels
True or False: Alpha blocking agents decrease the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation.
True
What is the goal of antiadrenergic drug therapy?
To suppress pathologic stimulation, not normal physiological responses
What is the effect of alpha 2 adrenergic agonists?
Decrease blood pressure
What are clinical indications for alpha adrenergic blockers?
- Hypertension
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
What are the two types of beta blockers?
- Cardio-selective
- Non-cardioselective
What is a potential adverse effect of beta blockers?
Bradycardia
What should patients be taught about stopping antiadrenergic drugs?
Do not stop abruptly
What are common adverse effects of alpha 2 agonists?
- Hypotension
- Sedation
- Drowsiness
- Edema
Name a drug that is a beta 1 blocker.
Metoprolol
What can excessive use of adrenergic drugs lead to?
Increased side effects without therapeutic benefit
Fill in the blank: Alpha 1 adrenergic blockers cause _______.
Vasodilation
What is a side effect of non-cardioselective beta blockers?
Bronchospasm
What are the nursing implications for older adults using adrenergic drugs?
Monitor for excess cardiac and CNS stimulation
What should be done if the pulse rate is less than 60 bpm for several days?
Notify the healthcare provider
