Diuretics Flashcards
cardiac and renal
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Thiazide diuretics?
Prevent reabsorption of Na+, K+, Cl+ near top of ascending loop of Henle towards the distal tubule
What is the strength of Thiazide diuretics compared to other diuretics?
Weakest diuretic
What is the first drug prescribed for hypertension (HTN)?
Thiazide diuretics
Do Thiazide diuretics have ototoxicity?
No
What is a generic example of a Thiazide diuretic?
Hydrochlorothiazide (HTCZ)
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Potassium-Sparing diuretics?
Slows down the Na+ pumps in distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
How do Potassium-Sparing diuretics compare in strength to loop diuretics?
Weaker than potassium wasting hormone (loop diuretic)
What do Potassium-Sparing diuretics help retain?
K+
What should be avoided while taking Potassium-Sparing diuretics?
potassium foods and salt substitutes (contains K+)
What should be monitored when using Potassium-Sparing diuretics with ACE Inhibitors & ARBs?
No Aldosterone, sodium excretes, K+ retained
Name two examples of Potassium-Sparing diuretics.
- Spironolactone (Aldoctone)
- Triamterene (Dyrenium)
What is the primary use of Osmotic Diuretics?
Produces rapid diuresis in emergency situations like intracranial pressure
Give an example of an Osmotic Diuretic.
Mannitol
What is the primary use of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?
Primarily used for glaucoma
overdose of digoxin is called
digitalis toxicity
SE/AE of digitalis toxicity
see yellow halo, nausea, anorexia, watch K+levels, hypokalemia is AE reaction
normal K+ level
3.5-5.0 omEq/L
Normal sodium level
135-145 mEq/L
monitor in diuretics
dehydration, K+/Na+ labs, baseline weight, BP(90/60 check w/DR), HR,I&O
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of loop diuretics?
Slows down/turns off the Na+ pumps, acts in the ascending limb of loop of Henle.
How do loop diuretics compare to other diuretics?
They are the most powerful of the three diuretics.
What side effect should be monitored when using loop diuretics?
Ototoxicity; assess hearing.
What electrolyte imbalances can loop diuretics cause?
Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia.
What should be monitored when using loop diuretics?
Potassium levels; increase potassium in diet, consider supplementation.
What lifestyle change should be made when using loop diuretics?
Limit alcohol.
What are examples of loop diuretics?
Furosemide (Lasix), bumetanide (Bumex).
