Pharmacodynamics Flashcards
What is Pharmacodynamics?
the effects of drugs in the body
What does MOA stand for and it meaning?
-Mechanism of Action
-how the drug works at a cellular level
What does intended therapeutic response mean?
what do we want the drug to do in the body ex: decrease blood pressure
Intrinsic drug
produces the same products as our bodies ex: hormones, enzymes, growth factor
Extrinsic Drug
chemically made to mimic what the body produces
What is agonist drug?
A drug that produces the same effects of the body (enhances body function)
What is antagonist drug
-produces opposite effects
-competes/blocks other molecules at receptor site
Nonreceptor drugs
-Antibacterial drugs
-Chemo-kill cells
-Drugs that reduce blood clotting (warfin)
What does OTC mean?
Over the Counter
Rx prescriptions are only prescribed by?
Licensed prescriber: MD, PA, NP
Effects of herbal and mineral supplements
- can cause adverse and overdose effects
- interfere with prescription meds
-ex: white willow bark and Gingko biloba reduce blood clotting but if taken with Coumadin patient can hemorrhage
2 classification of drugs and their meaning
Therapeutic: purpose of the drug, ex: antihypertensive= lower BP
Pharmacological: action at cellular level, ex: beta 1 blocker = inhibits norepinephrine causing lower BP
Which drug name do we need to know for NCLEX?
generic name
How do you identify the trade name?
had an R at the end
What is the Trade name and generic name?
Trade name: Glucophage
Generic name: metformin hydrochloride
What are PINCH drugs?
P: potassium
I: insulin
N: narcotics
C: chemo
H: heparin
Onset
when med first begins to work
Peak
maximum concentration of med in body
Duration
time frame drug is in the body
Loading dose
large initial dose
Efficiancy
the effectiveness of drug
Therapeutic window
the rage between minimum therapeutic effect and toxic/adverse effects
Therapeutic Index
the range between safe dose and toxic dose of a medication
Trough
drawn when drug is the lowest in the blood
Half -life
the time it takes for the drug to be reduced to half in the blood
ex: 100mg of drug with half-life of 60 min, in 120min reduced to 50 mg left
Which drug is safe for pregnant women?
Category A
which category will cause teratogenic effects on fetus
Category X
Which catergory shows no real evidence of risk in humans and animals
Category B
which category shows risk in animals but not enough evidence in humans
Category C
Which category shows positive evidence of risk, but benefits need to be weighed out
Category D
Scheduled drug order means?
regular basis, specific number of days
PRN
give as needed
STAT order
give once, asap
What is a side effect?
anticipated unintended effect of drug
Adverse effect means?
unanticipated/unpredictable effect that can be severe and harmful
What is MEC
minimum effective concentration
5 rights of medication administration
Patient
drug
dose
route
time
what is a paradoxical effect
having a opposite outcome to a drug
ex: antihistamine meant to induce drowsiness causes hypersensitivity in children
Basic principle to medication administration
- Know the drug, its uses, actions, common adverse effects, and special precautions
- Always check the written order, lab, and vitals prior to administering
- Limit interruptions
- Wash your hands
- Keep meds in containers/wrapper until bedside
- Avoid touching pills or capsules
- Never give meds prepped by someone else
- Follow sterile technique
- Remain alert to medication names that sound alike
