Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

What is Pharmacodynamics?

Answer 1

the effects of drugs in the body

Question 2

What does MOA stand for and it meaning?

Answer 2

-Mechanism of Action
-how the drug works at a cellular level

Question 3

What does intended therapeutic response mean?

Answer 3

what do we want the drug to do in the body ex: decrease blood pressure

Question 4

Intrinsic drug

Answer 4

produces the same products as our bodies ex: hormones, enzymes, growth factor

Question 5

Extrinsic Drug

Answer 5

chemically made to mimic what the body produces

Question 6

What is agonist drug?

Answer 6

A drug that produces the same effects of the body (enhances body function)

Question 7

What is antagonist drug

Answer 7

-produces opposite effects
-competes/blocks other molecules at receptor site

Question 8

Nonreceptor drugs

Answer 8

-Antibacterial drugs
-Chemo-kill cells
-Drugs that reduce blood clotting (warfin)

Question 9

What does OTC mean?

Answer 9

Over the Counter

Question 10

Rx prescriptions are only prescribed by?

Answer 10

Licensed prescriber: MD, PA, NP

Question 11

Effects of herbal and mineral supplements

Answer 11

• can cause adverse and overdose effects
• interfere with prescription meds
  -ex: white willow bark and Gingko biloba reduce blood clotting but if taken with Coumadin patient can hemorrhage

Question 12

2 classification of drugs and their meaning

Answer 12

Therapeutic: purpose of the drug, ex: antihypertensive= lower BP
Pharmacological: action at cellular level, ex: beta 1 blocker = inhibits norepinephrine causing lower BP

Question 13

Which drug name do we need to know for NCLEX?

Answer 13

generic name

Question 14

How do you identify the trade name?

Answer 14

had an R at the end

Question 15

What is the Trade name and generic name?

Answer 15

Trade name: Glucophage
Generic name: metformin hydrochloride

Question 16

What are PINCH drugs?

Answer 16

P: potassium
I: insulin
N: narcotics
C: chemo
H: heparin

Question 17

Onset

Answer 17

when med first begins to work

Question 18

Peak

Answer 18

maximum concentration of med in body

Question 19

Duration

Answer 19

time frame drug is in the body

Question 20

Loading dose

Answer 20

large initial dose

Question 21

Efficiancy

Answer 21

the effectiveness of drug

Question 22

Therapeutic window

Answer 22

the rage between minimum therapeutic effect and toxic/adverse effects

Question 23

Therapeutic Index

Answer 23

the range between safe dose and toxic dose of a medication

Question 24

Trough

Answer 24

drawn when drug is the lowest in the blood

Question 25

Half -life

Answer 25

the time it takes for the drug to be reduced to half in the blood ex: 100mg of drug with half-life of 60 min, in 120min reduced to 50 mg left

Question 26

Which drug is safe for pregnant women?

Answer 26

Category A

Question 27

which category will cause teratogenic effects on fetus

Answer 27

Category X

Question 28

Which catergory shows no real evidence of risk in humans and animals

Answer 28

Category B

Question 29

which category shows risk in animals but not enough evidence in humans

Answer 29

Category C

Question 30

Which category shows positive evidence of risk, but benefits need to be weighed out

Answer 30

Category D

Question 31

Scheduled drug order means?

Answer 31

regular basis, specific number of days

Question 32

PRN

Answer 32

give as needed

Question 33

STAT order

Answer 33

give once, asap

Question 34

What is a side effect?

Answer 34

anticipated unintended effect of drug

Question 35

Adverse effect means?

Answer 35

unanticipated/unpredictable effect that can be severe and harmful

Question 36

What is MEC

Answer 36

minimum effective concentration

Question 37

5 rights of medication administration

Answer 37

Patient drug dose route time

Question 38

what is a paradoxical effect

Answer 38

having a opposite outcome to a drug ex: antihistamine meant to induce drowsiness causes hypersensitivity in children

Question 39

Basic principle to medication administration

Answer 39

1. Know the drug, its uses, actions, common adverse effects, and special precautions 2. Always check the written order, lab, and vitals prior to administering 3. Limit interruptions 4. Wash your hands 5. Keep meds in containers/wrapper until bedside 6. Avoid touching pills or capsules 7. Never give meds prepped by someone else 8. Follow sterile technique 9. Remain alert to medication names that sound alike