Pharmacogenomics

Question 1

What three medications are effected by the gene CYP2D6?

Answer 1

Tamoxifen
Codeine
Paroxetine

Question 2

What two medications are effected by CYP2C19?

Answer 2

Clopidogrel

Omeprazole

Question 3

What genes effect Warfarin use?

Answer 3

CYP2C9 and VKOR.

Question 4

What medication is effected by the gene SLCO1B1?

Answer 4

Simvastatin

Question 5

What medication is effected by the genes DPD and TYMS?

Answer 5

F-flurouracil (5FU)

Question 6

What medication is effected by the gene TPMT?

Answer 6

6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)

Question 7

What medication is affected by the gene ERalpha?

Answer 7

Estrogen/Progesterone

Question 8

What medication is affected by ADRB2?

Answer 8

Albuterol

Question 9

What medication is affected by the gene HLA-B?

Answer 9

Abacavir

Question 10

What medication is affected by the gene IL28B?

Answer 10

Interferon alpha

Question 11

Of all the medications we have studied, which cause pharmacodynamic phenotypes?

Answer 11

Genes ERalpha and ADRB2 both cause pharmacodynamic issues.

ERalpha - Estrogen/progesterone
ADRB2 - Albuterol

Question 12

When comparing mutations to polymorphisms which appears in more than 1% of the population?

Answer 12

Polymorphisms are the difference in DNA code that occurs in more than 1% of the population.

Within the population there can be many alleles of a particular gene.

Question 13

What are cosmopolitan polymorphisms?

Answer 13

Polymorphisms common across all ethic groups.

Question 14

What are population polymorphisms?

Answer 14

These are polymorphisms that differ between groups (ethnic or race)

Question 15

What is a candidate gene approach?

Answer 15

Determine polymorphisms by genotyping a predicted specific gene.

Might accidentally study teh wrong gene.

Question 16

What is Genome wide approach to phenotype to genotyping?

Answer 16

Unbiased survey of all difference in entire genome between two groups.

Con is that the identification of genetic differences do not tell you how it effects the drugs response.

Question 17

Whats the difference between pharmacodynamic phenotypes and pharmacokinetic?

Answer 17

Pharmacodynamic effects the way a drug targets receptors/enzymes etc.

Pharmokinetic is going to be the way the drug is metabolized or transported or what concentrations there are.

Question 18

What correlation does CYP2D6 have to tamoxifen levels?

Answer 18

High metabolizers will have greatly increased tamoxifen levels.

Question 19

What correlation does CYP2D6 have with codeine?

Answer 19

Increase conversion of codeine to morphine.