Pharma 1.1 Flashcards
In terms of the eye what does a sympathetic system lesion lead to and why
Because the sympathetic nervous system is the system that wants to keep the eye dilated alesion in this pathway would lead to the parasympathetic system winning therefore into a myosis of the pupil
True or false
adrenergic neurons can only contract muscles versus cholinergic neurons can only dilate muscles this is the sympathetic and parasympathetic system
False
They both can either contract or dilate
True or false
The sympathetic nervous system works only on alpha receptors
False it works both on alpha and beta receptors
For example in the bladder the beta receptors It will be activated by the adrenergic system in order to relax a muscle to prevent contraction and peeing
True or false
The cholinergic system does a contraction of the bladder muscle leading to urination by acting on the same receptors as the adrenergic system would act
False it acts on muscarinic receptors
Why do we say that the vessicle bladder urination system is a double agonist system
Because not only do we have two muscles that are agonist from each other we also have two receptors expressed on the same muscle that lead to either relaxation or contraction of the muscle based on the different receptors that are activated
If we have the same amount of parisympathetic and sympathetic action on the heart what will be the effect
We will have a reduced chronotrope and a reduced ionotropy meaning lowered heart rate and lowered output because the parasympathetic system will conquer
This is because the parasympathetic nervous system acts directly on potassium channels no need for protein activity (AMP)
What is the effect of ACE inhibitors
ACE inhibitors are great anti hypertensions beacuse they reduce angiotensin 2 levels (by blocking the enzyme)
A patient seems to not respond to ace inhibitors what could we instead prescribe related to angiotassin 2 activity
antagonistes des récepteurs AT-1
Because angiotensin 2 works on these receptors
What is the effect of the parasympathetic system on metabolism
It is the rest and digest action in contrast the sympathetic nervous system is the fighter flight so it increases sugar in the blood to get more energy
True or false
Catecholamines main way of administration is oral
False
the liver IS RICH IN MAO ->Attacks catecholamines Degrades them
cannot take catecholamines through oral admin as it would all get destroyed in the liver by MAO
What type of medication will you give to a old person who suffers from orthostatic hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension is the disease in which when standing up our barrow receptors are not resetting the blood pressure and they’re required speed as such we are in hypotension
This is dehydrated people but mostly problematic with old people
We need to give them alpha one stimulators which are hypertensors
True or false
Alpha one medication is a great target to help with hypotension in the heart
False the heart has no alpha receptors only beta one
What will we measure in terms of diastolic blood pressure when inserting alpha one stimulators
We will observe and increase in diastolic blood pressure we will also observe a decrease in cardiac frequency due to the baro receptors
Why is it recommended to prescribe noradrenaline to a patient who is undergoing a local anesthesia operation
When administering a local anesthesia we do block ascending neural pathways but we could potentially also affect descending adrenergic pathways
This could block and reduce alpha and beta receptor activity leading to hypo tension
As such we can administer adrenaline to this person to help with the hypotension
What type of medication is salbutamol (Vantolin)
b2 selective stimulator.
Often used in asthma attacks as a branchodilator
-> Reduces cardiac issues!
