pharm proctor review Flashcards

Question

What should be monitored when administering Amphotericin B?

Answer 1

Renal function and electrolytes closely

Answer 2

Pain, fever, inflammation, MI/stroke prevention

Answer 3

GI bleeding, tinnitus (toxicity), Reye’s syndrome in children

Answer 4

Monitor for bleeding/bruising

Answer 5

Hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular risk reduction

Answer 6

Hepatotoxicity, rhabdomyolysis, myopathy

Answer 7

Liver enzymes and CK levels

Answer 8

Bradycardia, cholinergic crisis, pre-op secretions, pupil dilation

Answer 9

Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation

Answer 10

LOC and respiratory status

Answer 11

Long-term management of asthma

Answer 12

Hoarseness, candidiasis (oral thrush)

Answer 13

Take with food to reduce GI upset

Answer 14

Depression, seasonal affective disorder, smoking cessation

Answer 15

Insomnia, dry mouth, tremor, seizures (high doses)

Answer 16

Hypocalcemia, calcium channel blocker overdose, hyperkalemia

Answer 17

Bradycardia, hypotension, constipation

Answer 18

Hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy

Answer 19

Cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension, angioedema

Answer 20

Seizures, bipolar disorder, trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 21

Blood dyscrasias, SJS, hepatotoxicity

Answer 22

Bacterial infections (respiratory, skin, GI, GU)

Answer 23

Bleeding, disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol

Answer 24

Broad-spectrum infections (esp. Pseudomonas)

Answer 25

GI upset, rash, superinfection

Answer 26

Pneumonia, UTI, meningitis, surgical prophylaxis

Answer 27

Rash, diarrhea, biliary sludging in neonates

Answer 28

Anxiety, alcohol withdrawal

Answer 29

Sedation, respiratory depression, dizziness

Answer 30

Hypertension, edema

Answer 31

Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, dehydration

Answer 32

Schizophrenia, psychotic disorders

Answer 33

EPS, sedation, anticholinergic effects, orthostatic hypotension

Answer 34

UTIs, respiratory or skin infections

Answer 35

Tendon rupture, photosensitivity, GI upset

Answer 36

Prevent stroke, MI, PAD

Answer 37

Bleeding, GI upset, rash

Answer 38

Schizophrenia unresponsive to other treatment

Answer 39

Agranulocytosis, weight gain, seizures

Answer 40

Asthma prophylaxis, exercise-induced bronchospasm

Answer 41

Throat irritation, cough, unpleasant taste

Answer 42

Muscle spasms (short-term)

Answer 43

Drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness

Answer 44

Malignant hyperthermia, muscle spasticity

Answer 45

Hepatotoxicity, drowsiness, diarrhea

Answer 46

Anxiety, muscle spasms, seizures, alcohol withdrawal

Answer 47

Sedation, respiratory depression, hypotension

Answer 48

Heart failure, atrial fibrillation

Answer 49

Bradycardia, fatigue, visual disturbances (yellow/green vision), GI upset

Answer 50

Apical pulse for 1 full min (hold if <60 bpm in adults)

Answer 51

0.5–2.0 ng/mL

Answer 52

Life-threatening digoxin toxicity

Answer 53

Hypokalemia, allergic reaction

Answer 54

GI upset: N/V, abdominal pain; Neuro: Fatigue, weakness, confusion; Vision: Blurred vision, yellow halos; Cardiac: Bradycardia, dysrhythmias

Answer 55

HTN, angina, atrial fibrillation/flutter

Answer 56

Bradycardia, hypotension, peripheral edema

Answer 57

Constipation, especially post-op or with opioid use

Answer 58

Mild cramps, diarrhea

Answer 59

Mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 60

Nausea, bradycardia, dizziness, insomnia

Answer 61

Shock, heart failure, low BP

Answer 62

Tachycardia, chest pain, arrhythmias

Answer 63

HTN, angina, HF, MI

Answer 64

Bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue

Answer 65

Hypertension, HF

Answer 66

Cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, orthostatic hypotension

Answer 67

DVT/PE prevention, post-op anticoagulation

Answer 68

Bleeding, thrombocytopenia, bruising

Answer 69

Anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, asthma exacerbation

Answer 70

Tachycardia, hypertension, tremors, nervousness

Answer 71

Anemia from CKD, chemotherapy

Answer 72

Hypertension, thromboembolic events

Answer 73

Acute migraine or cluster headache

Answer 74

Nausea, muscle pain, paresthesias, angina

Answer 75

GERD, ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Answer 76

Headache, constipation/diarrhea, confusion (elderly)

Answer 77

Nausea, muscle pain, paresthesias, angina ## Footnote Triptans are used for acute migraine treatment.

Answer 78

At onset of migraine, not for prevention ## Footnote It's important not to exceed the dosage to avoid vasospasm.

Answer 79

GERD, ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome ## Footnote Famotidine is an H2 receptor blocker.

Answer 80

Headache, constipation/diarrhea, confusion (elderly) ## Footnote Monitor for improvement in GI symptoms.

Answer 81

Place between cheek and gum; do not chew or swallow ## Footnote Educate patients on proper administration.

Answer 82

Chronic pain requiring long-term opioid use ## Footnote Monitor for respiratory depression and sedation.

Answer 83

Heat sources, cutting patches ## Footnote Heat increases absorption, leading to overdose risk.

Answer 84

Iron-deficiency anemia ## Footnote Monitor for black stools and GI upset.

Answer 85

Monitor CBC 2–3 times/week; educate to report left upper quadrant pain ## Footnote It is used for neutropenia.

Answer 86

Reversal of benzodiazepine overdose ## Footnote Monitor neuro status and seizure activity.

Answer 87

Sexual dysfunction, weight gain, insomnia, serotonin syndrome ## Footnote Takes 4–6 weeks for effect.

Answer 88

Schizophrenia, psychosis ## Footnote Monitor for EPS and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Answer 89

Hypokalemia, dehydration, ototoxicity ## Footnote Monitor potassium levels and administer in the morning.

Answer 90

Hyperlipidemia (↑ triglycerides) ## Footnote Monitor liver function tests and lipids.

Answer 91

Monitor peak and trough levels, BUN/Cr ## Footnote Assess hearing and balance as well.

Answer 92

Type 2 diabetes ## Footnote Monitor glucose levels and avoid alcohol.

Answer 93

Monitor for EPS, treat with benztropine ## Footnote Watch for neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Answer 94

PE, DVT, MI, postop VTE prevention ## Footnote Monitor aPTT and use electric razor.

Answer 95

Hypokalemia, dehydration, hyperglycemia ## Footnote Encourage potassium-rich foods.

Answer 96

Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 when oral meds ineffective, DKA ## Footnote Monitor blood glucose closely.

Answer 97

Active and latent TB ## Footnote Monitor for hepatotoxicity.

Answer 98

Severe cystic acne ## Footnote Must follow iPLEDGE program.

Answer 99

7–20 mg/dL ## Footnote ↑ indicates dehydration, kidney failure.

Answer 100

Constipation, hepatic encephalopathy ## Footnote Monitor ammonia levels.

Answer 101

GERD, ulcers, H. pylori regimen ## Footnote Monitor GI symptoms and avoid long-term use.

Answer 102

Hyperthyroid symptoms if overmedicated ## Footnote Monitor TSH levels.

Answer 103

0.6–1.2 mEq/L ## Footnote Maintain sodium and hydration.

Answer 104

Cerebral edema, increased ICP, acute glaucoma ## Footnote Monitor I&O and neuro function.

Answer 105

Type 2 diabetes ## Footnote Monitor renal function.

Answer 106

Chronic pain, opioid use disorder maintenance therapy ## Footnote Monitor for respiratory depression.

Answer 107

Extrapyramidal symptoms, drowsiness, restlessness ## Footnote Monitor for tardive dyskinesia.

Answer 108

Conscious sedation, pre-op, seizures ## Footnote Monitor RR and O2 saturation.

Answer 109

Monitor RR, BP, sedation level ## Footnote Increase fluids/fiber for constipation.

Answer 110

Opioid overdose, respiratory depression reversal ## Footnote Prepare for withdrawal symptoms.

Answer 111

Myasthenia gravis, post-op urinary retention ## Footnote Have atropine available as antidote.

Answer 112

Peripheral edema, headache, hypotension ## Footnote Avoid grapefruit juice.

Answer 113

Angina, acute coronary syndrome ## Footnote Store in dark glass container.

Answer 114

Remove at night to prevent tolerance ## Footnote Rotate application sites.

Answer 115

GI bleeding, renal injury, ↑ BP ## Footnote Take with food or milk to reduce GI upset.

Answer 116

GERD, ulcers, H. pylori ## Footnote Monitor for improvement in gastric symptoms.

Answer 117

Pregnancy prevention, menstrual regulation ## Footnote Avoid smoking to reduce clotting risk.

Answer 118

Overactive bladder, urinary incontinence ## Footnote Monitor for signs of urinary retention.

Answer 119

Red-orange urine, GI upset ## Footnote Not an antibiotic; use short term.

Answer 120

Hyperkalemia ## Footnote Ensure adequate bowel function.

Answer 121

Inflammation, autoimmune diseases, asthma ## Footnote Monitor glucose and weight.

Answer 122

HTN, angina, tremors, migraines, anxiety ## Footnote Monitor for bradycardia.

Answer 123

Inflammation, autoimmune diseases, asthma ## Footnote Prednisone is a glucocorticoid steroid used for various inflammatory conditions.

Answer 124

* Immunosuppression * Hyperglycemia * Osteoporosis ## Footnote These side effects can significantly impact patient health and management.

Answer 125

* Glucose * Weight * Mood * Bone density ## Footnote Regular monitoring is crucial to prevent complications from long-term use.

Answer 126

Non-selective beta blocker ## Footnote Propranolol is used for various cardiovascular conditions.

Answer 127

* HTN * Angina * Tremors * Migraines * Anxiety ## Footnote Propranolol is often prescribed for its beta-blocking effects.

Answer 128

* Bradycardia * Hypotension ## Footnote These effects necessitate careful patient monitoring.

Answer 129

* HR * BP ## Footnote Monitoring heart rate and blood pressure is essential for safe administration.

Answer 130

Hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease ## Footnote PTU is an antithyroid medication that helps manage thyroid hormone levels.

Answer 131

* Agranulocytosis * Hepatotoxicity ## Footnote These serious side effects require close monitoring of blood and liver function.

Answer 132

* Sore throat * Fever ## Footnote These symptoms may indicate agranulocytosis, a serious adverse effect.

Answer 133

TB, leprosy ## Footnote Rifampin is an antitubercular medication used to treat specific infections.

Answer 134

* Orange/red secretions * Hepatotoxicity ## Footnote Patients should be informed about potential discoloration of bodily fluids.

Answer 135

On an empty stomach ## Footnote This maximizes absorption and effectiveness of the medication.

Answer 136

Osteoporosis, Paget’s disease ## Footnote Risedronate is a bisphosphonate that helps with bone health.

Answer 137

* Take first thing in the morning, on an empty stomach * Sit upright for 30 minutes after taking ## Footnote These considerations help reduce gastrointestinal side effects.

Answer 138

Parkinson’s disease, off-label for depression ## Footnote Selegiline is an MAO-B inhibitor with specific neurological applications.

Answer 139

Foods high in tyramine ## Footnote Tyramine can cause hypertensive crises when ingested with MAO-B inhibitors.

Answer 140

Hyperlipidemia, CAD prevention ## Footnote Simvastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to manage cholesterol levels.

Answer 141

* Hepatotoxicity * Rhabdomyolysis ## Footnote Monitoring liver function and muscle pain is essential for patients on statins.

Answer 142

* AST/ALT levels * CK levels ## Footnote Regular monitoring helps to prevent serious complications.

Answer 143

HF, HTN, hypokalemia, acne, PCOS ## Footnote Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic with multiple uses.

Answer 144

* Hyperkalemia * Gynecomastia ## Footnote These effects are important considerations in patient management.

Answer 145

* K⁺ levels * BP ## Footnote Monitoring helps prevent complications associated with potassium levels.

Answer 146

Duodenal ulcers ## Footnote Sucralfate acts as a GI protectant by forming a barrier over ulcers.

Answer 147

On empty stomach 1 hour before meals and at bedtime ## Footnote Timing is crucial for its effectiveness.

Answer 148

Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, RA ## Footnote Sulfasalazine is an anti-inflammatory medication used for gastrointestinal and arthritis conditions.

Answer 149

* Nausea * Rash ## Footnote These side effects require monitoring and patient education.

Answer 150

Acute migraine or cluster headaches ## Footnote Sumatriptan is a serotonin agonist used for aborting migraine attacks.

Answer 151

* Take at onset of migraine * Avoid use with ergotamine or MAOIs ## Footnote Proper timing and medication interactions are critical for effective treatment.

Answer 152

Estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer, prevention ## Footnote Tamoxifen is used as a hormone therapy in breast cancer management.

Answer 153

* Hot flashes * ↑risk of endometrial cancer ## Footnote Awareness of these risks is important for patient safety.

Answer 154

Acne, chlamydia, Lyme disease, H. pylori ## Footnote Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with various applications.

Answer 155

* Photosensitivity * Tooth discoloration ## Footnote Patients should be educated about these side effects to prevent complications.

Answer 156

* Dairy * Antacids * Iron ## Footnote These substances can reduce the absorption of Tetracycline.

Answer 157

UTIs, pneumonia (PJP), MRSA ## Footnote TMP-SMX is a sulfonamide antibiotic effective against various infections.

Answer 158

* Rash * Stevens-Johnson syndrome ## Footnote These serious effects require prompt recognition and management.

Answer 159

Seizures, bipolar disorder, migraine prevention ## Footnote Valproic acid is used as an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer.

Answer 160

* Hepatotoxicity * Pancreatitis ## Footnote Monitoring liver function and abdominal symptoms is critical.

Answer 161

Short-term treatment of insomnia ## Footnote Zilpidem is a non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic used for sleep disorders.

Answer 162

* Daytime drowsiness * Sleepwalking ## Footnote These effects can impact patient safety and daily functioning.

Answer 163

Fall risk precautions due to sedation ## Footnote Safety measures are essential to prevent accidents during use.