Endocrine System

Question 1

glipizide

Answer 1

Classification: Sulfonylureas

Therapeutic use: Treats type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Question 2

repaglinide

Answer 2

Classification: Meglitinides

Therapeutic use: Treats T2DM.

Question 3

metformin

Answer 3

Classification: Biguanides

Therapeutic use: Treats T2DM.

Question 4

pioglitazone

Answer 4

Classification: Thiazolidinediones

Therapeutic use: Treats T2DM, with or without medication therapy with insulin or metformin.

Question 5

acarbose

Answer 5

Classification: A-glucosidase Inhibitors

Therapeutic use: Treats T2DM, with or without medication therapy with insulin, a sulfonylurea, or metformin.

Question 6

sitagliptin

Answer 6

Classification: Gliptins

Therapeutic use: Treats T2DM alone or in combination with other medications for diabetes.

Question 7

empagliflozin

Answer 7

Classification: Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i)

Therapeutic use: Treats T2DM, heart failure, and cardiovascular disease.

Question 8

bromocriptine

Answer 8

Classification: Sympatholytic D2-Dopamine Agonists

Therapeutic use: Used as an oral hypoglycemic, treats hyperglycemia in clients with T2DM, used in combination with other hypoglycemics, and stimulates dopamine type 2 receptors in the hypothalamus, increasing dopamine levels, improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and decreasing glucose production. This is not a first-line agent for T2DM.

Question 9

glargine

Answer 9

Classification: Insulin

Therapeutic use: Treats diabetes (type 1, type 2, gestational).

Question 10

pramlintide

Answer 10

Classification: Amylin Mimetics

Therapeutic use: Treats T1DM and T2DM (as an insulin or hypoglycemic medication supplement).

Question 11

exenatide

Answer 11

Classification: Incretin Mimetics

Therapeutic use: Treats T2DM as a supplement to sulfonylureas or metformin.

Question 12

glucagon

Answer 12

Classification: Hyperglycemics

Therapeutic use: Treats hypoglycemia from an insulin overdose.

Question 13

levothyroxine

Answer 13

Classification: Thyroid replacements

Therapeutic use: Treats hypothyroidism.

Question 14

propylthiouracil (PTU)

Answer 14

Classification: Antithyroid Medications/Propylthiouracil

Therapeutic use: Treats hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease), is used during a thyrotoxic crisis, and suppresses thyroid hormone production in preparation for thyroidectomy.

Question 15

iodine-131

Answer 15

Classification: Antithyroid Drugs/Radioactive Iodine

Therapeutic use: Treats hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease) and thyroid cancer.

Question 16

somatropin

Answer 16

Classification: Growth Hormone

Therapeutic use: Treats growth hormone deficiencies, such as with Turner’s syndrome or to increase lean muscle mass in adults—also treats AIDS wasting syndrome.

Question 17

desmopressin

Answer 17

Classification: Antidiuretic Hormone

Therapeutic use: Treates diabetes insipidus—for detailed information about the use of desmopressin to treat hemophilia, see the Hematologic System module.

Question 18

hydrocortisone

Answer 18

Classification: Glucocorticoids

Therapeutic use: Used in replacement therapy for acute and chronic adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison’s disease)—for detailed information about glucocorticoids that treat asthma, refer to the Respiratory System module, and for detailed information about glucocorticoids that treat pain and inflammation, refer to the Pain and Inflammation module.

Question 19

fludrocortisone

Answer 19

Classification: Mineralocorticoids

Therapeutic use: Used for replacement therapy for acute and chronic adrenocortical insufficiency (use caution, as clients with Addison’s may have an exaggerated response, primary hypoaldosteronism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia), usually along with hydrocortisone.