Gastrointestinal

Question 1

cimetidine

Answer 1

Classification: Histamine H2 Antagonists

Therapeutic use: Treats gastric and duodenal ulcers; heartburn; dyspepsia; erosive esophagitis; gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD); aspiration pneumonitis; hypersecretory disorders such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrin); and systemic mastocytosis (histamine).

Question 2

omeprazole

Answer 2

Classification: Proton Pump Inhibitors

Therapeutic use: Treats gastric and duodenal ulcers; prolonged dyspepsia; gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD); erosive esophagitis; hypersecretory disorders such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; and systemic mastocytosis.

Question 3

sucralfate

Answer 3

Classification: Mucosal Protectants

Therapeutic use: Treats acute duodenal ulcers.

Question 4

aluminum hydroxide

Answer 4

Classification: Antacids

Therapeutic use: Treats peptic ulcer disease and gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD).

Question 5

misoprostol

Answer 5

Classification: Prostaglandin E Analog

Therapeutic use: Prevents gastric ulcers from long-term NSAID use.

Question 6

vonoprazan

Answer 6

Classification: Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers

Therapeutic use: Treats peptic ulcers caused by H. pylori. Given as part of a combination package with one or more antibiotic medications (dual or triple therapy). Acts on gastric parietal cells to prevent acidity by decreasing proton pump secretions.

Question 7

ondansetron

Answer 7

Classification: Serotonin 5-HT3 Antagonists

Therapeutic use: Treats nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and postoperative recovery.

Question 8

dimenhydrinate

Answer 8

Classification: Antihistamines/Anticholinergics

Therapeutic use: Treats antiemesis, vertigo, and motion sickness.

Question 9

metoclopramide

Answer 9

Classification: Dopamine Antagonists/Prokinetic

Therapeutic use: Treats nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy, opioids, radiation therapy, and toxins. Treats gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Treats diabetic gastroparesis.

Question 10

polyethylene glycol

Answer 10

Classification: Osmotic Laxatives

Therapeutic use: ​​​​​​​Treats constipation. Draws water into the intestines, resulting in the enlargement and softening of the fecal mass. This leads to increased peristalsis and can, dependent upon dosage, produce bowel evacuation within 2 to 12 hr.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

Question 11

psyllium

Answer 11

Classification: Bulk-Forming Agents (Fiber Supplements)

Therapeutic use: Treats constipation, diverticulosis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Aids in stool regulation for diarrhea and for clients who have fecal ostomies.

Question 12

docusate sodium

Answer 12

Classification: Surfactant Laxatives/Stool Softeners

Therapeutic use: Treats constipation. Prevents fecal impaction, straining during defecation, and painful elimination of hard stools.

Question 13

bisacodyl

Answer 13

Classification: Stimulant Laxatives

Therapeutic use: Treats constipation from opioid use or from slow intestinal transit. Treats colon evacuation prior to elective procedures.

Question 14

diphenoxylate with atropine

Answer 14

Classification: Opioids

Therapeutic use: Treats diarrhea. Reduces volume of ileostomy effluent (loperamide/atropine).

Question 15

loperamide

Answer 15

Classification: Opioids

Therapeutic use: Treats diarrhea. Reduces volume of ileostomy effluent (loperamide/atropine).

Question 16

alosetron

Answer 16

Classification: 5-HT3 Blocker

Therapeutic use: Treats clients who were assigned female at birth who have severe irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) that has lasted 6 months or more.

Question 17

lubiprostone

Answer 17

Classification: 5-HT4 Receptor Agonist

Therapeutic use: Treats irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) in clients who were assigned female at birth and who are age 18 yr or older. Treats chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) in clients who are 18 yr or older.

Question 18

sulfasalazine

Answer 18

Classification: 5-Aminosalicylates

Therapeutic use: Treats mild to moderate inflammatory bowel disease.

Question 19

azathioprine

Answer 19

Classification: Immunosuppressant

Therapeutic use: Treats inflammatory bowel disease (unlabeled use).