Musculoskeletal

Question 1

methotrexate

Answer 1

Classification: Nonbiologic (Traditional) DMARDs

Therapeutic use: Decreases joint inflammation and subsequently joint damage.

Question 2

etanercept

Answer 2

Classification: Biologic DMARDs

Therapeutic use: Treats and decreases joint inflammation, and subsequently, prevents joint damage. Binds with naturally occurring tumor necrosis factor, preventing it from attaching to cells on the surface of synovial tissue in the joints.

Question 3

tofacitinib

Answer 3

Classification: Targeted Synthetic DMARDs

Therapeutic use: Decreases joint inflammation and subsequently joint damage.

Question 4

raloxifene

Answer 4

Classification: Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Therapeutic use: Postmenopausal osteoporosis—prevention and treatment. Reduces risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

Question 5

alendronate

Answer 5

Classification: Bisphosphonates

Therapeutic use: Prevents and treats postmenopausal osteoporosis, glucocorticoid-related osteoporosis, and age-related osteoporosis in clients who are assigned male at birth.

Question 6

denosumab

Answer 6

Classification: Monoclonal Antibody Against RANKL

Therapeutic use: Treats osteoporosis for clients who are postmenopausal, clients assigned male at birth who are at high risk for osteoporosis, and clients who are at increased risk for fractures or osteoporosis related to long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Binds receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-b ligand (RANKL) to decrease the ability of osteocytes to produce and activate osteoclasts.

Question 7

teriparatide

Answer 7

Classification: Anabolic Agents

Therapeutic use: Treats osteoporosis by stimulating new bone formation. Synthetic form of parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium homeostasis, and mediates pathways that cause an increase in the number and length of survival of osteoblasts. Results in rate of bone formation exceeding rate of bone resorption.

Question 8

calcitonin salmon

Answer 8

Classification: Calcitonin

Therapeutic use: Treats postmenopausal osteoporosis, hypercalcemia secondary to hyperparathyroidism, and Paget’s disease.

Question 9

calcium citrate

Answer 9

Classification: Calcium supplements

Therapeutic use: Treats hypocalcemia. Treatment for clients who have, or are at risk for, experiencing a calcium deficiency, especially adolescents, clients who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or postmenopausal, and clients who are at risk for osteoporosis due to age or lactose intolerance. Treats gastric hyperacidity.

Question 10

calcium carbonate

Answer 10

Classification: Calcium supplements

Therapeutic use: Treats hypocalcemia. Treatment for clients who have, or are at risk for, experiencing a calcium deficiency, especially adolescents, clients who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or postmenopausal, and clients who are at risk for osteoporosis due to age or lactose intolerance. Treats gastric hyperacidity.