Pharm Final Review Flashcards
1
Q
Acetaminophen
Adverse Effects
A
Hepatotoxicity (especially in overdose or with alcohol use)
Rash (rare)
Anemia (with long-term use)
2
Q
Acetaminophen Nursing Interventions:
A
Monitor liver function tests (ALT, AST)
Educate about max daily dose (≤4,000 mg/day in adults)
Assess for history of liver disease or alcohol use
Use antidote acetylcysteine for overdose
3
Q
A
4
Q
What is a common adverse effect of acetaminophen overdose?
A
Hepatotoxicity
Especially in overdose or with alcohol use.
5
Q
What should be monitored in patients taking acetaminophen?
A
Liver function tests (ALT, AST)
Important for assessing liver health.
6
Q
What is the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen for adults?
A
≤4,000 mg/day
7
Q
What is the primary use of allopurinol?
A
Chronic gout prevention
It inhibits uric acid production.
8
Q
What are common adverse effects of allopurinol?
A
- GI upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Drowsiness
- Headache
9
Q
What serious condition can a rash from allopurinol indicate?
A
Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis
Requires immediate reporting.
10
Q
What should be assessed before administering allopurinol?
A
History of liver disease or alcohol use
11
Q
True or False: Allopurinol is effective during acute gout attacks.
A
False
It is not effective during an acute flare.
12
Q
What is the administration recommendation for allopurinol?
A
Administer after meals to reduce GI upset
13
Q
What are the key nursing interventions for alteplase (tPA)?
A
- Monitor for signs of active bleeding
- Obtain baseline and serial labs
- Avoid invasive procedures post-administration
14
Q
What are common side effects of amitriptyline?
A
- Anticholinergic effects
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Sedation
15
Q
What serious risk is associated with amitriptyline use in young adults?
A
Increased suicide risk
16
Q
What should patients taking amoxicillin be educated about?
A
- Take full course of therapy
- Report signs of allergy
- May reduce effectiveness of oral contraceptives
17
Q
What is a potential serious adverse effect of aspirin in children?
A
Reye’s syndrome
18
Q
What is a contraindication for using aspirin?
A
Children/teens with viral infections
19
Q
What should be monitored in patients taking beta blockers?
A
Heart rate and blood pressure regularly
20
Q
What is a common adverse effect of benzodiazepines?
A
CNS depression
Includes sedation, dizziness, confusion.
21
Q
What is the risk associated with abrupt discontinuation of benzodiazepines?
A
Withdrawal symptoms
22
Q
What is the primary therapeutic use of digoxin?
A
Heart failure management
23
Q
What are signs of digoxin toxicity?
A
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Blurred vision
24
Q
What is disulfiram used for?
A
Alcohol dependence (aversion therapy)
25
What should patients taking dobutamine be monitored for?
Continuous ECG, BP, urine output
26
What is an adverse effect of doxycycline?
Photosensitivity
27
What should patients taking diphenhydramine be cautious of?
Sedation
## Footnote
It can impair alertness.
28
What is the mechanism of action of epoetin alfa?
Stimulates RBC production in bone marrow
29
What is an important patient education point for famotidine?
Monitor for headache and gastrointestinal effects
30
What should be avoided when taking buspirone?
Grapefruit juice
31
What is a serious side effect of clozapine?
Agranulocytosis
32
What are common signs of hypertension?
Signs of hypertension include elevated blood pressure readings
## Footnote
Common adverse effect of medications.
33
What lab values need frequent monitoring for certain medications?
Hgb, Hct, iron levels
## Footnote
Important for assessing treatment efficacy and safety.
34
What is the risk associated with a rapid rise in hemoglobin levels?
Increased risk of thromboembolic events (DVT, stroke)
## Footnote
Potentially serious complications.
35
What should patients be educated about regarding clotting?
Signs of clotting: chest pain, leg pain, shortness of breath (SOB)
## Footnote
Important for early identification of complications.
36
What is Famotidine?
A Histamine-2 receptor antagonist
## Footnote
Used to reduce gastric acid secretion.
37
What are common adverse effects of Famotidine?
* Headache
* Diarrhea or constipation
* Dizziness
* Rare: blood dyscrasias, confusion (in older adults)
## Footnote
Important for monitoring and patient education.
38
What should be monitored with long-term use of Famotidine?
CBC changes
## Footnote
Critical for identifying potential blood-related side effects.
39
What are the patient education points for Ferrous Sulfate?
* Take on empty stomach for best absorption
* Take with vitamin C to enhance absorption
* Avoid antacids/dairy within 1 hour of taking
* May cause dark/green stools
* Use straw with liquid form to prevent teeth staining
* Increase fluid and fiber to prevent constipation
* Store safely—toxic to children in overdose
## Footnote
Essential for effective treatment of iron-deficiency anemia.
40
What is Filgrastim used for?
Increases neutrophil count in clients with neutropenia
## Footnote
Commonly used in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.
41
What are the adverse effects of Filgrastim?
* Bone pain
* Leukocytosis
* Splenomegaly
## Footnote
Monitoring required for adverse effects.
42
What is the use of Fluoxetine?
SSRI antidepressant for depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders
## Footnote
Commonly prescribed for various mental health conditions.
43
What are side effects of Fluoxetine?
* Insomnia
* Nervousness
* Weight changes
* Sexual dysfunction
* GI upset
* Headache
* Increased risk of serotonin syndrome
* Suicidal ideation
## Footnote
Important for monitoring and patient education.
44
What should patients taking Glipizide be educated about?
* Take 30 minutes before meals
* Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia
* Avoid alcohol
* Use with diet and exercise
* Report rash or signs of liver dysfunction
## Footnote
Essential for managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
45
What are the adverse effects of Haloperidol?
* Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
* Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
* Prolonged QT, arrhythmias
* Sedation
* Anticholinergic effects
* Hypotension
## Footnote
Important for monitoring and patient safety.
46
What is the primary use of Ibuprofen?
Pain, inflammation, fever
## Footnote
Commonly used NSAID.
47
What are the contraindications for the Influenza Vaccine?
* Severe allergy to eggs
* Previous anaphylaxis to vaccine
* Moderate/severe acute illness
## Footnote
Important for patient safety.
48
What should be monitored when administering Lisinopril?
* Blood pressure
* Renal function
## Footnote
Important for preventing complications.
49
What are the signs of lithium toxicity?
* Vomiting
* Diarrhea
* Confusion
* Tremors
* Ataxia
* Seizures
## Footnote
Monitoring required for patients on lithium.
50
What is the therapeutic range for lithium?
0.6–1.2 mEq/L
## Footnote
Important for safe and effective treatment.
51
What are the interactions to be aware of with MAOIs?
* Tyramine-rich foods
* SSRIs/SNRIs
* Sympathomimetics
## Footnote
Risk of serious side effects.
52
What are manifestations of alcohol withdrawal?
* Tremors
* Nausea, vomiting
* Insomnia
* Anxiety, agitation
* Increased HR, BP, RR, temp
* Seizures
* Delirium tremens (DTs)
## Footnote
Requires immediate medical attention.
53
What are the adverse effects of Methotrexate?
* Hepatotoxicity
* Bone marrow suppression
* GI upset
* Pulmonary fibrosis
## Footnote
Important for monitoring and patient safety.
54
What is the use of Methylphenidate?
Stimulant for ADHD
## Footnote
Commonly prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
55
What are the side effects of Sertraline?
* Nausea
* Diarrhea
* Sexual dysfunction
* Insomnia or drowsiness
* Serotonin syndrome
## Footnote
Important for monitoring and patient education.
56
What are the patient education points for Sildenafil?
* Take 30–60 minutes before sexual activity
* Avoid grapefruit juice
* Do not take more than once per day
## Footnote
Important for effective management of erectile dysfunction.
57
What are the adverse effects of steroids?
* Hyperglycemia
* Increased risk of infection
* Osteoporosis
* Fluid retention
## Footnote
Important for monitoring patients on steroid therapy.
58
What is anorgasmia?
Inability to achieve orgasm
## Footnote
Often a side effect of certain medications or psychological conditions.
59
What are common adverse effects of steroids like Prednisone?
* Hyperglycemia
* Increased risk of infection
* Osteoporosis
* Fluid retention, weight gain
* GI upset, peptic ulcers
* Mood changes
* Adrenal suppression (long-term use)
## Footnote
These effects may vary depending on dosage and duration of treatment.
60
What should patients report when taking medications that may cause serotonin syndrome?
* Agitation
* Tremors
* Fever
## Footnote
Early identification of these symptoms is crucial for management.
61
How long does it typically take for certain medications to reach full effect?
1–4 weeks
## Footnote
It is important for patients to be aware of this timeline for effectiveness.
62
What is the administration method for sublingual nitroglycerin?
Place under tongue and allow to dissolve
## Footnote
This method allows for rapid absorption into the bloodstream.
63
What are the monitoring parameters for patients using steroids?
* Blood glucose
* Bone density
* Signs of infection
## Footnote
Regular monitoring helps mitigate potential adverse effects.
64
What is the use of Terbutaline?
* Preterm labor (tocolytic)
* Asthma, bronchospasm
## Footnote
It acts as a bronchodilator and relaxes uterine muscles.
65
What are common adverse effects of theophylline?
* Nausea
* Tremors
* Insomnia
## Footnote
These can indicate toxicity and require immediate attention.
66
What lab values indicate hypothyroidism?
* ↑ TSH
* ↓ T3 & T4
## Footnote
Monitoring these values is essential for treatment adjustment.
67
What is the correct administration method for transdermal nitroglycerin?
* Apply to hairless area (chest, upper arm)
* Rotate sites daily
* Apply in morning, remove at night (10–12 hr nitrate-free interval)
## Footnote
Proper application helps ensure effective drug delivery.
68
What therapeutic uses does Valproic Acid serve?
* Seizure disorders
* Bipolar disorder
* Migraine prevention
## Footnote
It acts as an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer.
69
What are common adverse effects of Vancomycin?
* Nephrotoxicity
* Ototoxicity
* Red man syndrome (flushing, hypotension with rapid infusion)
* Thrombophlebitis
## Footnote
Monitoring is essential to prevent and manage these effects.
70
What is the use of Vasopressin?
* Diabetes insipidus
* Shock/septic shock, cardiac arrest
## Footnote
It increases water reabsorption and vasoconstriction.
71
What is the primary use of Vitamin K?
* Reversal of warfarin toxicity
* Prevention of hemorrhagic disease in newborns
## Footnote
It is vital for blood clotting processes.
72
What are the adverse effects of Zolpidem?
* Daytime drowsiness
* Dizziness
* Sleepwalking, sleep-eating
* CNS depression, confusion (especially in older adults)
## Footnote
Caution is advised when prescribing this medication, especially for the elderly.
73
Fill in the blank: Patients using theophylline should report _______ as signs of toxicity.
nausea, tremors, insomnia
## Footnote
Monitoring levels is crucial to avoid adverse effects.
74
True or False: Patients should stop taking steroids abruptly.
False
## Footnote
Tapering the dose is necessary to prevent withdrawal symptoms.
75
What is the therapeutic effect of Vasopressin?
* ↑ BP
* ↓ urine output
* Improved LOC in shock
## Footnote
These effects are critical in managing shock and maintaining hemodynamic stability.
