Cardiovascular System

Question 1

captopril

Answer 1

Classification: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Therapeutic use: Treats hypertension, heart failure (HF), diabetic nephropathy, and left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction.

Question 2

losartan

Answer 2

Classification: Tricyclic Antidepressants

Therapeutic use: Treats hypertension, cerebral vascular accidents, or stroke, heart failure, helps prevent migraine headaches, and helps manage diabetic nephropathy.

Question 3

eplerenone

Answer 3

Classification: eplerenone

Therapeutic use: Treats hypertension and manifestations of heart failure following a myocardial infarction.

Question 4

Aliskiren

Answer 4

Classification: Direct Renin Inhibitors

​​​​​​​Therapeutic use: Treats hypertension.

Question 5

nifedipine

Answer 5

Classification: Calcium Channel Blockers

​​​​​​​Therapeutic use: Treats mild to moderate hypertension.

Question 6

doxazosin

Answer 6

Classification: Alpha1 Blockers

Therapeutic use: Treats hypertension as well as symptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).

Question 7

atenolol

Answer 7

Classification: Beta Blockers

Therapeutic use: Treats hyertension.

Question 8

metoprolol

Answer 8

Classification: Beta Blockers

Therapeutic use: Treats hyertension.

Question 9

clonidine

Answer 9

Classification: Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists

Therapeutic use: Treats hypertension. Is also approved for severe pain relief (epidural injection) and management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Question 10

carvedilol

Answer 10

Classification: Alpha/Beta Blockers

Therapeutic use:Treats hypertension,heart failure, and can prolong clients’ chance of survival following a myocardial infarction (MI).

Question 11

hydralazine

Answer 11

Classification: Direct-Acting Vasodilators

Therapeutic use: Treats hypertension, heart failure, pulmonary hytertension, and angina.

Question 12

furosemide

Answer 12

Classification: Loop Diuretics

Therapeutic use: Treats pulmonary edema in heart failure, edema caused by renal, hepatic, or cardiac failure not affected by other diuretics, as well as hypertension that is not controlled by other types of diuretics.

Question 13

hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 13

Classification: Thiazide Diuretics

Therapeutic use: Treats hypertension, cirrhosis of the liver, and renal failure.

Question 14

spironolactone

Answer 14

Classification: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Therapeutic use: Treats hypertension, edema caused by heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, nephrotic syndrome, and hypokalemia.

Question 15

digoxin

Answer 15

Classification: Cardiac Glycosides

Therapeutic use: Treats some cardiac dysrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia.

Question 16

dobutamine

Answer 16

Classification: Beta2-Adrenergic Agonists

Therapeutic use: Increases cardiac output in severe heart failure (short-term use only)

Question 17

milrinone

Answer 17

Classification: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Therapeutic use: Short-term treatment of low cardiac output in heart failure.

Question 18

sacubitril/valsartan

Answer 18

Classification: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker -Neprilysin Inhibitor

Therapeutic use: Treats hypertension and heart failure.

Question 19

empagliflozin

Answer 19

Classification: Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)

Therapeutic use: Treats type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, heart failure, and cardiovascular disease.

Question 20

ivabradine

Answer 20

Classification: Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel (HCN) Blocker

Therapeutic use: Treats heart failure.

Question 21

epinephrine

Answer 21

Classification: Adrenergic Agonist​​​​​​​

Therapeutic use: Treats cardiac dysfunction amd anaphylaxis.

Question 22

vasopressin

Answer 22

Classification: Antidiuretic Hormone

Therapeutic use: Treats diabetes insipidus, postoperative abdominal distension, and acute esophageal variceal bleeding.

Question 23

atorvastatin

Answer 23

Classification: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

Therapeutic use: Therapeutic uses of HMG COA reductase inhibitors include reducing LDL and triglycerides.

Question 24

ezetimibe

Answer 24

Classification: Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors

Therapeutic use: Helps reduce total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL.

Question 25

colesevelam

Answer 25

Classification: Bile-Acid Sequestrants Therapeutic use: Helps decrease total and LDL cholesterol levels.

Question 26

gemfibrozil

Answer 26

Classification: Fibrates Therapeutic use: Helps reduce high levels of plasma triglycerides.

Question 27

alirocumab

Answer 27

Classification: PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibody Inhibitors Therapeutic use: Helps decrease LDL cholesterol levels.

Question 28

inclisiran

Answer 28

Classification: Short-Interfering RNA (siRNA) Therapeutic use: Helps decrease LDL cholesterol levels.

Question 29

bempedoic acid

Answer 29

Classification: Adenosine Triphosphate-Citrate Lyase Inhibitors Therapeutic use: Helps decrease LDL cholesterol levels.

Question 30

nitroglycerin

Answer 30

Classification: Nitrates Therapeutic use: Helps treat and prevent angina pectoris.

Question 31

ranolazine

Answer 31

Classification: Ranolazine Therapeutic use: Treats chronic stable angina.

Question 32

quinidine

Answer 32

Classification: Class IA Sodium Channel Blockers Therapeutic use: Treats atrial fibrillation, and supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias long-term.

Question 33

procainamide

Answer 33

Classification: Class IA Sodium Channel Blockers ​​​​​​​ Therapeutic use: Treats atrial fibrillation, and supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias short-term.

Question 34

lidocaine

Answer 34

Classification: Class IB Sodium Channel Blockers Therapeutic use: Helps control ventricular dysrhythmias caused by myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery or procedures, and dysrhythmias caused by digoxin toxicity.

Question 35

flecainide

Answer 35

Classification: Class IC Sodium Channel Blockers Therapeutic use: Treats life-threatening supraventricular and ventricular tachydysrhythmias that cannot be controlled by less toxic medications, and also long-term maintenance therapy of certain supraventricular dysrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation (AF).

Question 36

propranolol

Answer 36

Classification: Class II Beta Blockers Therapeutic use: ​​​​​​​Manages cardiac tachydysrhythmias, such as atrial and ventricular tachycardia, and tachycardia caused by exercise or emotion.

Question 37

amiodarone

Answer 37

Classification: Class III Potassium Channel Blockers Therapeutic use: Manages life-threatening ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation that is resistant to other medications, and may also treat some atrial dysrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation.

Question 38

verapamil

Answer 38

Classification: Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers Therapeutic use: Converts supraventricular tachycardia to a regular sinus rhythm and slows the rate of atrial fibrillation and flutter.

Question 39

adenosine

Answer 39

Classification: Adenosine Therapeutic use: Treats paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT).

Question 40

magnesium sulfate

Answer 40

Classification: Magnesium Sulfate Therapeutic use: Treats life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia.

Question 41

atropine

Answer 41

Classification: Atropine Therapeutic use: Treats symptomatic bradycardia with manifestations like altered mental status, hypotension, chest pain, or heart failure.