Neurological System

Question 1

medications are cholinergic or adrenergic based on

Answer 1

which neurotransmitter they stimulate

Question 2

neurotransmitters in the ANS

Answer 2

Acetylcholine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine

Question 3

agonists

Answer 3

it into a neuroreceptor site, stimulating the typical action of that neurotransmitter.

Question 4

Antagonists

Answer 4

block neuroreceptors from fitting into a receptor site and therefore block the typical action of that neurotransmitter.

Question 5

cholinergic antagonist

Answer 5

blocks the effects of acetylcholine

Question 6

cholinergic agonist

Answer 6

enhances the effects of acetylcholine

Question 7

Medications ending with the suffix “-ase”

Answer 7

block the degradation of a transmitter by interfering with the enzyme that breaks down the transmitter, prolonging its action.

Question 8

antagonist

Answer 8

blocks, dont fit

Question 9

agonist

Answer 9

stimulates and fit

Question 10

Two types of medications treat muscle spasms

Answer 10

centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants.

Question 11

baclofen:

Answer 11

Classification: Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants

Therapeutic use: Relieves skeletal muscle spasm in spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy.

Question 12

dantrolene

Answer 12

Classification: Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants (Direct-Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants)

​​​​​​​Therapeutic use: Relaxes skeletal muscle spasm in cerebrovascular accident, stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. Prevents and treats malignant hyperthermia. 8

Question 13

baclofen

Answer 13

Classification: Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants

Therapeutic use: Relieves skeletal muscle spasm in spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy.

Question 14

dantrolene

Answer 14

Classification: Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants (Direct-Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants)

​​​​​​​Therapeutic use: Relaxes skeletal muscle spasm in cerebrovascular accident, stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. Prevents and treats malignant hyperthermia.

Question 15

phenytoin

Answer 15

Classification: Hydantoins (Anticonvulsants)

Therapeutic use: Treats tonic-clonic seizures and partial seizures.

Question 16

carbamazepine

Answer 16

Classification: Carbamazepine (anticonvulsant)

Therapeutic use: Treats partial seizures and tonic-clonic seizures. Used as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder. Reduces pain of trigeminal neuralgia.

Question 16

valproic acid

Answer 16

Classification: Valproic Acid (anticonvulsant)

Therapeutic use: Treats all seizure types. Controls mania in bipolar disorder. Prevents migraine headaches.

Question 17

oxcarbazepine

Answer 17

Classification: Second- and Third-Generation ASMs (anticonvulsants)

Therapeutic use: Used to treat seizure, neuralgia, and migraine.

Question 18

lidocaine

Answer 18

Classification: Local Anesthesia (antiarrhythmics)

Therapeutic use: Provides local anesthesia and relieves pain.

Question 19

methohexital sodium

Answer 19

Classification: Short-Acting Barbiturates

Therapeutic use: Induces anesthesia and hypnosis for brief procedures. Used as an adjunct anesthesia with other agents for procedures longer than 15 min.

Question 20

benzodiazepines

Answer 20

Classification: Benzodiazepines

Therapeutic use: Sedates clients before general anesthesia.

Question 21

fentanyl

Answer 21

Classification: Opioids

Therapeutic use: Supplements general anesthesia.

Question 22

amphetamine/dextroamphetamine sulfate

Answer 22

Classification: Amphetamines

Therapeutic use: Treats ADHD and narcolepsy.

Question 23

methylphenidate

Answer 23

Classification: Methylphenidate

Therapeutic use: Treats ADHD and narcolepsy.

Question 24

modafinil

Answer 24

Classification: Non-amphetamines Therapeutic use: Promotes wakefulness in narcolepsy, shift-work sleepiness, and obstructive sleep apnea.

Question 25

levodopa/carbidopa

Answer 25

Classification: Dopamine-Replacement Medications Therapeutic use: Relieves manifestations of Parkinson’s disease.

Question 26

pramipexole

Answer 26

Classification: Direct-Acting Dopamine Receptor Agonists Therapeutic use: Relieves manifestations of Parkinson’s disease and restless leg syndrome.

Question 27

selegiline

Answer 27

Classification: Monamine Oxidase Type B Inhibitors Therapeutic use: Treats manifestations of Parkinson’s disease and major depression.

Question 28

donepezil

Answer 28

Classification: Cholinesterase Inhibitors Therapeutic use: Improves cognitive function in clients who have mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.

Question 29

memantine

Answer 29

Classification: NMDA Receptor Antagonist Therapeutic use: Slows decrease in functioning for moderate/severe Alzheimer’s disease and mild/moderate vascular dementia.

Question 30

interferon beta-1a

Answer 30

Classification: Immunomodulators Therapeutic use: Treats relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Question 31

interferon beta-1b

Answer 31

Classification: Immunomodulators Therapeutic use: Treats relapsing and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Question 32

sumatriptan

Answer 32

Classification: Serotonin Agonists Therapeutic use: Relieves manifestations of existing migraine or cluster headache.

Question 33

diazepam

Answer 33

Classification: Benzodiazepines Therapeutic use: Treats anxiety and anxiety disorders, skeletal muscle spasm and spasticity, seizure disorders, status epilepticus, acute alcohol withdrawal manifestations and is used in the induction of anesthesia.

Question 34

alprazolam

Answer 34

Classification: Benzodiazepines Therapeutic use: Treats anxiety and anxiety disorders.

Question 35

buspirone

Answer 35

Classification: Non-benzodiazepines Therapeutic use: Treats short-term treatment of certain anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Question 36

amitriptyline

Answer 36

Classification: Tricyclic Antidepressants Therapeutic use: Treats major depression.

Question 37

fluoxetine

Answer 37

Classification: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Therapeutic use: Treats major depression, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and bulimia nervosa.

Question 38

venlafaxine

Answer 38

Classification: Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors Therapeutic use: Treats major depression, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Question 39

phenelzine

Answer 39

Classification: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Therapeutic use: Treats depression that has not responded to other classes of antidepressants and depression in bipolar disorder.

Question 40

bupropion hydrochloride

Answer 40

Classification: Atypical Antidepressants Therapeutic use: Treats depression, prevents seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and aids with smoking cessation.

Question 41

lithium carbonate

Answer 41

Classification: Mood Stabilizing Medications Therapeutic use: Treats acute mania and controls acute manic episodes in bipolar disorder (BPD).

Question 42

divalproex sodium

Answer 42

Classification: Antiseizure Medications Therapeutic use: Treats seizures and relieves migraines, as well as aiding in the control of mania and depression.

Question 43

chlorpromazine

Answer 43

Classification: Conventional (Traditional) Antipsychotics Therapeutic use: Suppresses manifestations of schizophrenia and the acute manic phase of bipolar disorder; relieves nausea/vomiting and intractable hiccups.

Question 44

risperidone

Answer 44

Classification: Atypical Antipsychotics Therapeutic use: Treats both positive and negative manifestations of schizophrenia; treats bipolar disorder; manages irritability in clients with autism.

Question 45

latanoprost

Answer 45

Classification: Prostaglandin Analogs Therapeutic use: Decreases intraocular pressure by constricting the ciliary muscle, thereby increasing the outflow of aqueous humor.

Question 46

betaxolol

Answer 46

Classification: Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Therapeutic use: Topical therapy helps lower IOP in chronic open-angle glaucoma and acute closed-angle glaucoma.

Question 47

timolol

Answer 47

Classification: Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Therapeutic use: Topical therapy helps lower IOP in chronic open-angle glaucoma and acute closed-angle glaucoma.

Question 48

pilocarpine

Answer 48

Classification: Cholinergic Agonists Therapeutic use: Topical therapy helps lower IOP in glaucoma; adjunct to laser and other eye surgeries and procedures.

Question 49

echothiophate

Answer 49

Classification: Cholinesterase Inhibitors Therapeutic use: Topical therapy helps lower IOP in glaucoma; adjunct to laser and other eye surgeries and procedures.