Neurological System Flashcards
medications are cholinergic or adrenergic based on
which neurotransmitter they stimulate
neurotransmitters in the ANS
Acetylcholine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine
agonists
it into a neuroreceptor site, stimulating the typical action of that neurotransmitter.
Antagonists
block neuroreceptors from fitting into a receptor site and therefore block the typical action of that neurotransmitter.
cholinergic antagonist
blocks the effects of acetylcholine
cholinergic agonist
enhances the effects of acetylcholine
Medications ending with the suffix “-ase”
block the degradation of a transmitter by interfering with the enzyme that breaks down the transmitter, prolonging its action.
antagonist
blocks, dont fit
agonist
stimulates and fit
Two types of medications treat muscle spasms
centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants.
baclofen:
Classification: Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants
Therapeutic use: Relieves skeletal muscle spasm in spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy.
dantrolene
Classification: Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants (Direct-Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants)
Therapeutic use: Relaxes skeletal muscle spasm in cerebrovascular accident, stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. Prevents and treats malignant hyperthermia. 8
baclofen
Classification: Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants
Therapeutic use: Relieves skeletal muscle spasm in spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy.
dantrolene
Classification: Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants (Direct-Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants)
Therapeutic use: Relaxes skeletal muscle spasm in cerebrovascular accident, stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. Prevents and treats malignant hyperthermia.
phenytoin
Classification: Hydantoins (Anticonvulsants)
Therapeutic use: Treats tonic-clonic seizures and partial seizures.
carbamazepine
Classification: Carbamazepine (anticonvulsant)
Therapeutic use: Treats partial seizures and tonic-clonic seizures. Used as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder. Reduces pain of trigeminal neuralgia.
valproic acid
Classification: Valproic Acid (anticonvulsant)
Therapeutic use: Treats all seizure types. Controls mania in bipolar disorder. Prevents migraine headaches.
oxcarbazepine
Classification: Second- and Third-Generation ASMs (anticonvulsants)
Therapeutic use: Used to treat seizure, neuralgia, and migraine.
lidocaine
Classification: Local Anesthesia (antiarrhythmics)
Therapeutic use: Provides local anesthesia and relieves pain.
methohexital sodium
Classification: Short-Acting Barbiturates
Therapeutic use: Induces anesthesia and hypnosis for brief procedures. Used as an adjunct anesthesia with other agents for procedures longer than 15 min.
benzodiazepines
Classification: Benzodiazepines
Therapeutic use: Sedates clients before general anesthesia.
fentanyl
Classification: Opioids
Therapeutic use: Supplements general anesthesia.
amphetamine/dextroamphetamine sulfate
Classification: Amphetamines
Therapeutic use: Treats ADHD and narcolepsy.
methylphenidate
Classification: Methylphenidate
Therapeutic use: Treats ADHD and narcolepsy.
modafinil
Classification: Non-amphetamines
Therapeutic use: Promotes wakefulness in narcolepsy, shift-work sleepiness, and obstructive sleep apnea.
levodopa/carbidopa
Classification: Dopamine-Replacement Medications
Therapeutic use: Relieves manifestations of Parkinson’s disease.
pramipexole
Classification: Direct-Acting Dopamine Receptor Agonists
Therapeutic use: Relieves manifestations of Parkinson’s disease and restless leg syndrome.
selegiline
Classification: Monamine Oxidase Type B Inhibitors
Therapeutic use: Treats manifestations of Parkinson’s disease and major depression.
donepezil
Classification: Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Therapeutic use: Improves cognitive function in clients who have mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.
memantine
Classification: NMDA Receptor Antagonist
Therapeutic use: Slows decrease in functioning for moderate/severe Alzheimer’s disease and mild/moderate vascular dementia.
interferon beta-1a
Classification: Immunomodulators
Therapeutic use: Treats relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
interferon beta-1b
Classification: Immunomodulators
Therapeutic use: Treats relapsing and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
sumatriptan
Classification: Serotonin Agonists
Therapeutic use: Relieves manifestations of existing migraine or cluster headache.
diazepam
Classification: Benzodiazepines
Therapeutic use: Treats anxiety and anxiety disorders, skeletal muscle spasm and spasticity, seizure disorders, status epilepticus, acute alcohol withdrawal manifestations and is used in the induction of anesthesia.
alprazolam
Classification: Benzodiazepines
Therapeutic use: Treats anxiety and anxiety disorders.
buspirone
Classification: Non-benzodiazepines
Therapeutic use: Treats short-term treatment of certain anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
amitriptyline
Classification: Tricyclic Antidepressants
Therapeutic use: Treats major depression.
fluoxetine
Classification: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Therapeutic use: Treats major depression, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and bulimia nervosa.
venlafaxine
Classification: Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
Therapeutic use: Treats major depression, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
phenelzine
Classification: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Therapeutic use: Treats depression that has not responded to other classes of antidepressants and depression in bipolar disorder.
bupropion hydrochloride
Classification: Atypical Antidepressants
Therapeutic use: Treats depression, prevents seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and aids with smoking cessation.
lithium carbonate
Classification: Mood Stabilizing Medications
Therapeutic use: Treats acute mania and controls acute manic episodes in bipolar disorder (BPD).
divalproex sodium
Classification: Antiseizure Medications
Therapeutic use: Treats seizures and relieves migraines, as well as aiding in the control of mania and depression.
chlorpromazine
Classification: Conventional (Traditional) Antipsychotics
Therapeutic use: Suppresses manifestations of schizophrenia and the acute manic phase of bipolar disorder; relieves nausea/vomiting and intractable hiccups.
risperidone
Classification: Atypical Antipsychotics
Therapeutic use: Treats both positive and negative manifestations of schizophrenia; treats bipolar disorder; manages irritability in clients with autism.
latanoprost
Classification: Prostaglandin Analogs
Therapeutic use: Decreases intraocular pressure by constricting the ciliary muscle, thereby increasing the outflow of aqueous humor.
betaxolol
Classification: Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
Therapeutic use: Topical therapy helps lower IOP in chronic open-angle glaucoma and acute closed-angle glaucoma.
timolol
Classification: Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
Therapeutic use: Topical therapy helps lower IOP in chronic open-angle glaucoma and acute closed-angle glaucoma.
pilocarpine
Classification: Cholinergic Agonists
Therapeutic use: Topical therapy helps lower IOP in glaucoma; adjunct to laser and other eye surgeries and procedures.
echothiophate
Classification: Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Therapeutic use: Topical therapy helps lower IOP in glaucoma; adjunct to laser and other eye surgeries and procedures.
