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Pharmacology > Neurological System > Flashcards

Neurological System Flashcards

1
Q

medications are cholinergic or adrenergic based on

A

which neurotransmitter they stimulate

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2
Q

neurotransmitters in the ANS

A

Acetylcholine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine

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3
Q

agonists

A

it into a neuroreceptor site, stimulating the typical action of that neurotransmitter.

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4
Q

Antagonists

A

block neuroreceptors from fitting into a receptor site and therefore block the typical action of that neurotransmitter.

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5
Q

cholinergic antagonist

A

blocks the effects of acetylcholine

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6
Q

cholinergic agonist

A

enhances the effects of acetylcholine

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7
Q

Medications ending with the suffix “-ase”

A

block the degradation of a transmitter by interfering with the enzyme that breaks down the transmitter, prolonging its action.

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8
Q

antagonist

A

blocks, dont fit

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9
Q

agonist

A

stimulates and fit

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10
Q

Two types of medications treat muscle spasms

A

centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants.

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11
Q

baclofen:

A

Classification: Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants

Therapeutic use: Relieves skeletal muscle spasm in spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy.

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12
Q

dantrolene

A

Classification: Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants (Direct-Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants)

​​​​​​​Therapeutic use: Relaxes skeletal muscle spasm in cerebrovascular accident, stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. Prevents and treats malignant hyperthermia. 8

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13
Q

baclofen

A

Classification: Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants

Therapeutic use: Relieves skeletal muscle spasm in spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy.

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14
Q

dantrolene

A

Classification: Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants (Direct-Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants)

​​​​​​​Therapeutic use: Relaxes skeletal muscle spasm in cerebrovascular accident, stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. Prevents and treats malignant hyperthermia.

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15
Q

phenytoin

A

Classification: Hydantoins (Anticonvulsants)

Therapeutic use: Treats tonic-clonic seizures and partial seizures.

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16
Q

carbamazepine

A

Classification: Carbamazepine (anticonvulsant)

Therapeutic use: Treats partial seizures and tonic-clonic seizures. Used as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder. Reduces pain of trigeminal neuralgia.

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16
Q

valproic acid

A

Classification: Valproic Acid (anticonvulsant)

Therapeutic use: Treats all seizure types. Controls mania in bipolar disorder. Prevents migraine headaches.

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17
Q

oxcarbazepine

A

Classification: Second- and Third-Generation ASMs (anticonvulsants)

Therapeutic use: Used to treat seizure, neuralgia, and migraine.

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18
Q

lidocaine

A

Classification: Local Anesthesia (antiarrhythmics)

Therapeutic use: Provides local anesthesia and relieves pain.

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19
Q

methohexital sodium

A

Classification: Short-Acting Barbiturates

Therapeutic use: Induces anesthesia and hypnosis for brief procedures. Used as an adjunct anesthesia with other agents for procedures longer than 15 min.

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20
Q

benzodiazepines

A

Classification: Benzodiazepines

Therapeutic use: Sedates clients before general anesthesia.

21
Q

fentanyl

A

Classification: Opioids

Therapeutic use: Supplements general anesthesia.

22
Q

amphetamine/dextroamphetamine sulfate

A

Classification: Amphetamines

Therapeutic use: Treats ADHD and narcolepsy.

23
Q

methylphenidate

A

Classification: Methylphenidate

Therapeutic use: Treats ADHD and narcolepsy.

24
Q

modafinil

A

Classification: Non-amphetamines

Therapeutic use: Promotes wakefulness in narcolepsy, shift-work sleepiness, and obstructive sleep apnea.

25
Q

levodopa/carbidopa

A

Classification: Dopamine-Replacement Medications

Therapeutic use: Relieves manifestations of Parkinson’s disease.

26
Q

pramipexole

A

Classification: Direct-Acting Dopamine Receptor Agonists

Therapeutic use: Relieves manifestations of Parkinson’s disease and restless leg syndrome.

27
Q

selegiline

A

Classification: Monamine Oxidase Type B Inhibitors

Therapeutic use: Treats manifestations of Parkinson’s disease and major depression.

28
Q

donepezil

A

Classification: Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Therapeutic use: Improves cognitive function in clients who have mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.

29
Q

memantine

A

Classification: NMDA Receptor Antagonist

Therapeutic use: Slows decrease in functioning for moderate/severe Alzheimer’s disease and mild/moderate vascular dementia.

30
Q

interferon beta-1a

A

Classification: Immunomodulators

Therapeutic use: Treats relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

31
Q

interferon beta-1b

A

Classification: Immunomodulators

Therapeutic use: Treats relapsing and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

32
Q

sumatriptan

A

Classification: Serotonin Agonists

Therapeutic use: Relieves manifestations of existing migraine or cluster headache.

33
Q

diazepam

A

Classification: Benzodiazepines

Therapeutic use: Treats anxiety and anxiety disorders, skeletal muscle spasm and spasticity, seizure disorders, status epilepticus, acute alcohol withdrawal manifestations and is used in the induction of anesthesia.

34
Q

alprazolam

A

Classification: Benzodiazepines

Therapeutic use: Treats anxiety and anxiety disorders.

35
Q

buspirone

A

Classification: Non-benzodiazepines

Therapeutic use: Treats short-term treatment of certain anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

36
Q

amitriptyline

A

Classification: Tricyclic Antidepressants

Therapeutic use: Treats major depression.

37
Q

fluoxetine

A

Classification: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Therapeutic use: Treats major depression, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and bulimia nervosa.

38
Q

venlafaxine

A

Classification: Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors

Therapeutic use: Treats major depression, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

39
Q

phenelzine

A

Classification: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Therapeutic use: Treats depression that has not responded to other classes of antidepressants and depression in bipolar disorder.

40
Q

bupropion hydrochloride

A

Classification: Atypical Antidepressants

Therapeutic use: Treats depression, prevents seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and aids with smoking cessation.

41
Q

lithium carbonate

A

Classification: Mood Stabilizing Medications

Therapeutic use: Treats acute mania and controls acute manic episodes in bipolar disorder (BPD).

42
Q

divalproex sodium

A

Classification: Antiseizure Medications

Therapeutic use: Treats seizures and relieves migraines, as well as aiding in the control of mania and depression.

43
Q

chlorpromazine

A

Classification: Conventional (Traditional) Antipsychotics

Therapeutic use: Suppresses manifestations of schizophrenia and the acute manic phase of bipolar disorder; relieves nausea/vomiting and intractable hiccups.

44
Q

risperidone

A

Classification: Atypical Antipsychotics

Therapeutic use: Treats both positive and negative manifestations of schizophrenia; treats bipolar disorder; manages irritability in clients with autism.

45
Q

latanoprost

A

Classification: Prostaglandin Analogs

Therapeutic use: Decreases intraocular pressure by constricting the ciliary muscle, thereby increasing the outflow of aqueous humor.

46
Q

betaxolol

A

Classification: Beta-Adrenergic Blockers

Therapeutic use: Topical therapy helps lower IOP in chronic open-angle glaucoma and acute closed-angle glaucoma.

47
Q

timolol

A

Classification: Beta-Adrenergic Blockers

Therapeutic use: Topical therapy helps lower IOP in chronic open-angle glaucoma and acute closed-angle glaucoma.

48
Q

pilocarpine

A

Classification: Cholinergic Agonists

Therapeutic use: Topical therapy helps lower IOP in glaucoma; adjunct to laser and other eye surgeries and procedures.

49
Q

echothiophate

A

Classification: Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Therapeutic use: Topical therapy helps lower IOP in glaucoma; adjunct to laser and other eye surgeries and procedures.

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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