Infection Flashcards
amoxicillin
Classification: Penicillin
Therapeutic use: Treats broad-spectrum infections caused by gram-positive cocci and bacilli, such as ear and throat infections and urinary tract infections, as well as gonorrhea caused by non-penicillinase-producing bacteria. The addition of clavulanic acid increases the spectrum of disorders treated by amoxicillin and its ability to kill bacteria.
cephalexin
Classification: Cephalosporins
Therapeutic use: Treats infections caused by gram-positive cocci; subsequent generations are active against gram-negative bacteria, resistant to beta-lactamase (gram-positive) bacteria, and able to penetrate cerebrospinal fluid to treat infections, such as meningitis.
aztreonam
Classification: Monobactam
Therapeutic use: Treats infections caused by gram-negative aerobic bacteria, such as lower respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and abdominal and gynecologic infections.
imipenem
Classification: Carbapenems
Therapeutic use: Treats serious infections caused by multiple types of organisms.
vancomycin
Classification: Vancomycin
Therapeutic use: Treats severe infections, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections (MRSA), infections in clients who have an allergy to penicillin, and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD).
telavancin
Classification: Anti-infective
Therapeutic use: Treats resistant gram-positive bacteria (MRSA), hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia, ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia, and complicated skin and soft-tissue infections. Performs dual actions of disrupting both cell wall synthesis and the barrier action of the bacterial cell membrane.
tetracycline
Classification: Tetracyclines
Therapeutic use: Treats chlamydia infections, mycoplasmal infections, rickettsial infections, syphilis and gram-negative infections in clients with penicillin allergy, gram-positive infections (tetanus), cholera, anthrax, and acne vulgaris (topical and oral forms).
erythromycin
Classification: Macrolides
Therapeutic use: Treats Legionnaires’ disease, cough, diphtheria, clients who are carriers of diphtheria, chlamydia infections, pneumonia, and common infections for clients who have a penicillin allergy. Ophthalmic ointment prevents eye infections in neonates.
gentamicin
Classification: Aminoglycosides
Therapeutic use: Treats gram-negative aerobic bacilli severe infections, severe infections that some gram-positive cocci cause, and a topical form is used for skin and eye infections.
linezolid
Classification: Oxazolidinones
Therapeutic use: Treats MRSA, VRE, pneumonia, and skin infections caused by gram-positive streptococcus and staphylococcus bacteria. Binds with ribosomes of bacterial cells and blocks protein synthesis.
ciprofloxacin
Classification: Fluoroquinolones
Therapeutic use: Treats a wide range of bacterial infections, including severe urinary tract disorders. Prevents anthrax (following inhalation of anthrax spores) in both adults and children.
trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole
Classification: Folate antagonist, sulfonamide
Therapeutic use: Treats urinary tract infections, pneumocystis pneumonia, shigella enteritis (shigellosis, also called traveler’s diarrhea), chronic bronchitis (acute phase), and acute otitis media in children.
nitrofurantoin
Classification: Anti-infective
Therapeutic use: Treats and prevents UTIs
isoniazid
Classification: Antitubercular
Therapeutic use: Treats active tuberculosis (TB) and tuberculosis (positive TB skin test; disease not yet active).
rifampin
Classification: Rifamycins
Therapeutic use: Acts as an adjunct therapy to treat tuberculosis (TB). Effective against Neisseria meningitidis (cause of meningococcal meningitis), Legionella (responsible for Legionnaires disease) and Staphylococcus aureus. May treat leprosy and prevent Haemophilus influenzae infection.