Infection Flashcards

1
Q

amoxicillin

A

Classification: Penicillin

Therapeutic use: Treats broad-spectrum infections caused by gram-positive cocci and bacilli, such as ear and throat infections and urinary tract infections, as well as gonorrhea caused by non-penicillinase-producing bacteria. The addition of clavulanic acid increases the spectrum of disorders treated by amoxicillin and its ability to kill bacteria.

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2
Q

cephalexin

A

Classification: Cephalosporins

Therapeutic use: Treats infections caused by gram-positive cocci; subsequent generations are active against gram-negative bacteria, resistant to beta-lactamase (gram-positive) bacteria, and able to penetrate cerebrospinal fluid to treat infections, such as meningitis.

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3
Q

aztreonam

A

Classification: Monobactam

Therapeutic use: Treats infections caused by gram-negative aerobic bacteria, such as lower respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and abdominal and gynecologic infections.

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4
Q

imipenem

A

Classification: Carbapenems

Therapeutic use: Treats serious infections caused by multiple types of organisms.

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5
Q

vancomycin

A

Classification: Vancomycin

Therapeutic use: Treats severe infections, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections (MRSA), infections in clients who have an allergy to penicillin, and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD).

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6
Q

telavancin

A

Classification: Anti-infective

Therapeutic use: Treats resistant gram-positive bacteria (MRSA), hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia, ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia, and complicated skin and soft-tissue infections. Performs dual actions of disrupting both cell wall synthesis and the barrier action of the bacterial cell membrane.

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7
Q

tetracycline

A

Classification: Tetracyclines

Therapeutic use: Treats chlamydia infections, mycoplasmal infections, rickettsial infections, syphilis and gram-negative infections in clients with penicillin allergy, gram-positive infections (tetanus), cholera, anthrax, and acne vulgaris (topical and oral forms).

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8
Q

erythromycin

A

Classification: Macrolides

Therapeutic use: Treats Legionnaires’ disease, cough, diphtheria, clients who are carriers of diphtheria, chlamydia infections, pneumonia, and common infections for clients who have a penicillin allergy. Ophthalmic ointment prevents eye infections in neonates.

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9
Q

gentamicin

A

Classification: Aminoglycosides

Therapeutic use: Treats gram-negative aerobic bacilli severe infections, severe infections that some gram-positive cocci cause, and a topical form is used for skin and eye infections.

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10
Q

linezolid

A

Classification: Oxazolidinones

Therapeutic use: Treats MRSA, VRE, pneumonia, and skin infections caused by gram-positive streptococcus and staphylococcus bacteria. Binds with ribosomes of bacterial cells and blocks protein synthesis.

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11
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

Classification: Fluoroquinolones

Therapeutic use: Treats a wide range of bacterial infections, including severe urinary tract disorders. Prevents anthrax (following inhalation of anthrax spores) in both adults and children.

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12
Q

trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole

A

Classification: Folate antagonist, sulfonamide

Therapeutic use: Treats urinary tract infections, pneumocystis pneumonia, shigella enteritis (shigellosis, also called traveler’s diarrhea), chronic bronchitis (acute phase), and acute otitis media in children.

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13
Q

nitrofurantoin

A

Classification: Anti-infective

Therapeutic use: Treats and prevents UTIs

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14
Q

isoniazid

A

Classification: Antitubercular

Therapeutic use: Treats active tuberculosis (TB) and tuberculosis (positive TB skin test; disease not yet active).

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15
Q

rifampin

A

Classification: Rifamycins

Therapeutic use: Acts as an adjunct therapy to treat tuberculosis (TB). Effective against Neisseria meningitidis (cause of meningococcal meningitis), Legionella (responsible for Legionnaires disease) and Staphylococcus aureus. May treat leprosy and prevent Haemophilus influenzae infection.

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16
Q

metronidazole

A

Classification: Anti-infective, antiprotozoal, antiulcer agents

Therapeutic use: IV form treats anaerobic bacterial infections. Oral form treats some bacterial infections such as Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) and bacterial vaginal infections; oral also treats protozoal infections such as intestinal and systemic amebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis.

17
Q

chloroquine

A

Classification: Chloroquine

Therapeutic use: Treats chloroquine-sensitive malaria and amebiasis. Combination with primaquine is necessary to cure malaria caused by two of the parasites. Prophylaxis for malaria in regions where chloroquine resistance is not widespread. Second-line therapy to treat rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

18
Q

amphotericin B

A

Classification: Antifungal

Therapeutic use: For IV, treats severe systemic fungal infections that are likely to be fatal if not treated with amphotericin B. For topical and oral suspension, treats infections of the skin and mucous membranes. Urinary irrigation may be used to treat Candida infections of the bladder or lower urinary tract.

19
Q

ketoconazole

A

Classification: Antifungal

Therapeutic use: Treats severe systemic fungal infections and cutaneous fungal infections.

20
Q

acyclovir

A

Classification: Purine analog

Therapeutic use: For IV, treats severe viral infections in clients who are immunocompromised. For oral, treats manifestations of severe viral infections in clients who have normal immune systems. For topical, treats manifestations of viral infections such as cold sores, initial genital herpes outbreaks, and mild viral skin infections for clients who are immunocompromised.