Pharm: Mid Term test Flashcards
A cough that does not produce an expulsion of fluid, mucus, or other material is termed:
productive
moist
purulent
non-productive
Non-productive
The cough center can be suppressed with antitussives. This center is located in the:
Cerebrum
Brain stem
Hypothalmus
Spinal cord
Brain stem
Diphenhydramine causes a side effect of drowsiness. The parnet class of this drug is?
a benzodiazapine tranquilizer
an opiate based emetic
an antitussive
an antihistamine
An antihistamine
Catecholamines function during which autonomic nervous system response?
sympathetic
parasympathetic
cholinergic
sympathetic blockade
sympathetic
Quinidine is a/an:
beta-adrenergic blocker; has the effect of a negative inotropic agent
arteriole dilator to help perfuse de-vascularized tissues
antiarrhythmic for atrial fibrillation
calcium channel blocker for hypertension
Antiarrhythmic for atrial fibrillation
you are assisting in a caesrian section and must stimulate respiration in one of the neonates. Name the drug that acts on the central respiratory drive center:
yohimbine
naloxone
doxapram
xylazine
doxapram
Intravenously administered lidocaine without epinephrine is used to treat?
Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular pre mature contractions
Atrial fibrillation
Hypotension form blood losses
overdose of morphine
Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular pre mature contractions
which of the following drugs has the greatest margin of safety?
TI of 5
TI of 2.5
TI of 18
TI of 7.75
TI of 18
what is the term used to describe the study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated (ADME) by the body?
pharmacology
Pharmacotherapeutics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacognsy
Pharmacokinetics
which of the following drugs cannot be prescribed by a veterinarian/physician/dentist?
C I drug
C III drug
C II drug
C V drug
C I drug
The ED50 is:
A drug dose producing an observable effect in 50% of test subjects
The same as the TI
Is numerically equivalent to the LD50
Is calculated by dividing the LD50 by the ED50
a drug dose producing an observable effect in 50% of test subjects
when a drug is given by the IV route: When is the time of peak blood concentration?
15 mins
10 mins
30 mins
Immediately
Immediately
What type of tablet can be divided?
Molded
Enteric-coated (“safety caplet”)
Sustained release (Designated XR)
Scored
Scored
which of the following organs is often a primary site of drug biotransformation?
Brain
Liver
Kidney
Pancreas
Liver
Which routes might be an expected excretion pathway for a lipophilic drug?
Sputum and coughing
Bile/Feces
Expired breath
Renal Filtration/Urine
Bile/Feces
For which of the following drugs must a separate inventory and record of use/disposal be kept for eventual federal inspection?
DEA controlled substances
Generic drugs
Refrigerated drugs
Expired drugs
DEA controlled substances
The strength of binding between a drug and its cell receptor surface is termed?
Affinity
Antagonism
Synergism
Reversal agent strength
Affinity
The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, against a concetration gradient, occurs during which physiologic process?
Active transport
Passive transport
Facilitated transport
Osmosis
Active transport
Drugs that are absorbed well into the brain after crossing the blood-brain barrier, are frequently:
Lipophilic
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Cationic
Lipophilic
Equal amount of what drug is most commonly combined with diazapam in order to produce a hypnotic cocktail for short term, minor surgery or for the induction of general anesthesia?
Ketamine
Xylazine
Metetomidine
Oxymorphone
Ketamine
Which of the following drug(s) is/are an alpha 2 agonists?
Medetomidine
Xylazine
Prochlorperazine
a & b
a & b
Which of the following drugs is contraindicated as an anticonvulsant?
Diazepam
Potassium bromide
Phenobarbital
Medetomidine
Medetomidine
What neurotransmitters is (are) associated with the sympathetic nervous system
Epinephrine, nor-epinephrine and dopamine
GABA
Serotonin
None of these
Epinephrine, nor-epinephrine and dopamine
What is the reversal agent for medetomidine or dexamedetomidine?
acepromazine xylazine diazepam GABA none of these
none of these
If the viscosity of respiratory secretions is reduced the agent class is termed a
decongestant
antitussive
mucolytic
expectorant
Mucolytic
Atropine is a/an?
cholinergic agent
adrenergic agent
anticholinergic
adrenergic antagonist
anticholinergic
Which is the most accurate statement regarding the hormone aldosterone?
is released into the blood stream in response to low sodium levels
Release is controlled from the hypothalmus
Release is controlled from the level of circulating calcium
Conserves sodium and water
a and c
conserves sodium and water
Which of the following drugs used in the respiratory system is a expectorant?
Theophylline
Terbutaline
Guaifenesin
Doxopram
Guaifenesin
Acepromazine is a/an:
opiod
phenothiazine class tranquilizer
alpha-2 agonist class hypnotic
cerebral-thalamic dissociative anesthetic agent
phenothiazine class tranquilizer
An example of an adrenergic agonist drug would be?
Phenylpropanolamine
Xylazine
Diazepam
Methohexital
Phenylpropanolamine
Which of the following is a dissociative anesthetic?
Hydromorphone Diazepam Methohexital Bethanecol none of these
none of these
Which group of anesthetics causes lots of muscle rigidity with mild analgesia?
Dissociatives
alpa-2 agonists
phenothiazine class tranquilizer
thiobarbiturates if given quickly
Dissociatives
Propofol is most properly described as a/an?
hypnotic
opioid
alpha-2 agonist anesthetic agent
major tranquilizer
hypnotic
An example of a loop diuretic class member is
mannitol 25%
spironolactone
furosemide
hydrochlorothiazide
furosemide
An example of a urinary acidifier is
Hydrochloric acid ascorbic acid potassium citrate dl-methionine b & d
b & d ascorbic acid and dl-methionine
For acquired incontinence in an elderly female dog: a hormone that may provide a benefit to her urinary incontinence is?
Winstrol-V an anabolic steroid with masculinizing and testosterone-like effects
Estriol or diethylstilbesterol (DES); estrogenic compounds
Ovaban; a synthetic progestogen
Estriol or diethylstilbesterol (DES); estrogenic compounds
As mentioned as class oxygen gas can be considered a ‘drug’ for therapy when use in which mannor
Hypobaric pressures
Hyperbaric pressures
When carrying nebulized agents such a Terbutaline
When carrying vaporized agents such as Sevoflurane
Hyperbaric pressures
Mibolerone (Cheque) is an agent designed to suppress the canine estrus cylcle?
T
F
T
A frequent and important site of drug biotransformation
Spleen
Liver
Kidney
Adrenals
Liver
The percentage of the total drug dose that ultimately reaches the blood stream is called
Absorption
Distribution
Bioavailability
Clearance
Bioavailability
Ten milliliters of a 2.5% solution will contain
250mg
25mg
2.5g
2.5mg
250
2.5% is .25g x 1000 = 250mg
Which statement (s) seems to best apply to Propofol which is an intravenous hypnotic commonly used to induce hypnosis prior to general anesthesia
looks like milk wide margin of safety short duration of action due to re-distribution to fat a and b a and c b and c
a and c, looks like milk and short duration of action due to re-distribution to fat
which of the following opiate(s) has a combined agonist/antagonist effect on receptors
oxymorphone
meperidine
butorphanol
fentanyl
butorphanol
loop diuretics such as furosamide are so powerful they can cause
dehydration in normal animals
cannot be used simultaneously with ACE inhibitors such as Enalapril
Poor safety in cats with pulmonary edema
Hypokalemia (with chronic use)
Hypokalemia (with chronic use)
The regulatory agency that oversees development/approval of animal topical pesticides is the
FDA
EPA
USDA
DEA
EPA
When a drug is said to have a narrow therapeutic range it means that
its effective and toxic doses are close to each other
it may only be used to treat a few disorders
it must be dosed frequently
it must be given in higher concentrations to be effective
its effective and toxic doses are close to each other
You are working a shift in an emergency clinic and a 50lb dog presents in full Grand Mal seizures. Your clinician requests 1 mg/kg diazepam for IV administration. The drug concentration is 5 mg/mL. How many milliliters will you draw into a syringe? Please show your calculation.
50lb=22.7kg
1mg/kg = x mg/22.7kg = 22.7mg
5mg/mL = 22.7mg/x mL = (4.5mL)
“Buttons” a 4.5 Y M/C cat, is recovering from general anesthesia after an exploratory laparotomy. The drug given, in addition to others, was morphine. Because of the morphine you anticipate all of the following EXCEPT:
He will be most comfortable recovering in a dark, quite room
He will probably vomit and defecate
He will have a rapid and deep breathing pattern (hyperventilation)
He will by hypersensitive to sounds such as kennel clatter and barking dogs
He will have a rapid and deep breathing pattern (hyperventilation)
A cow is accidentally given an equine dose of xylazine which is a 5 to 10 times overdose due to interspecies differences in response to this drug. What drug can be given to moderate the effects of overdosage
Dopamine
Yohimbine
Naloxone
Atropine
Yohimbine
