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Pharmacology > Pharm: 2nd half drugs > Flashcards

Pharm: 2nd half drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride produces _________.

What is a dosage form we would use

and what contraindications

A

Mydriasis and Cycloplegia

Cyclogyl

same as atropine (glaucoma & KCS)

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1
Q

Atropine Sulfate is used to produce ________.

and is contraindicated

A

Mydriasis and Cycloplegia

glaucoma and KCS

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2
Q

Miotics produce _______.

These drugs are commonly used in the treatment of chronic _______.

A

pupillary constriction

open-angle glaucoma

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3
Q

Tropicamide is a __________.

what is its clinical use

A

rapid acting mydriatic with less clycloplegic effect

- used for ocular fundus exam

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4
Q

Pilocarpine is a ________ that is commonly used to treat chronic______.

A

cholinergic

open-angle glaucoma

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5
Q

Mannitol is an ____________ that is administered intravenously in emergency situations to _________.

A

osmotic diuretic

reduce intraocular pressure

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6
Q

Topical anesthetics are use to ___________ and to allow the use of instruments to __________.

A

anesthetize the corneal surface

measure intraocular pressure

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7
Q

Proparacaine Hydrochloride is a commonly used ________ that will last for ______ to ________.

A

topical anesthetic

5 to 10 mins

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8
Q

What do we use to assist us in Corneal diagnostics

A

Flourescein Dye

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9
Q

What do we use to test tear production

A

Schirmer’s tear test

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10
Q

Cyclosporine is used for the management of _______ and _________.

A

KCS and chronic superficial keratitis

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11
Q

Enroflaxacin is an otic product available in a combination with _______ or _________.

A

Baytril Otic

BNT

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12
Q

Gentamicin Sulfate is a _____ agent found in ______ preparations.

Clinical uses include the treatment of _______ in dogs.

what are some dosage forms we might use

A

antibacterial, otic

otitis

Otomax (BID) and Mometamax (SID)

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13
Q

What are the 4 classes of drugs to treat ear conditions

A

topical otic antiinfective agents

Antiparasitics

Drying agents

Cleaning agents

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14
Q

Otic Rx: What is the diagnosis?

A

Yeast
Bacterial
Parasitic
Chronic/ Secondary

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15
Q

What is the most common parasite affecting the ear of dogs, cats, and rabbits.

under the microscope what do they look like?

A

ear mites

white and freely motile

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16
Q

Drying agents are used to reduce _______

A

moisture in the ear

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17
Q

Ivermectin /Milbemycin has been indicated as an effective treatment for _______ in dogs and cats.

what is the dosage form that we might use

A

ear mites

Acarexx

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18
Q

__________ and _________is a common solution for flushing the ear canal

A

warm water, chlorhexidine

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19
Q

what are some dosage forms for ear cleaner solutions we might use

A

Epi-Otic ear cleanser

AloCetic

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20
Q

gram positive bacteria will stain what color

A

Dark blue to purple

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21
Q

Gram negative bacteria will stain what color

A

pink to red

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22
Q

_____ are bacteria that must have oxygen to live and replicate.

A

Aerobes

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23
Q

_______ are bacteria able to live and multiply without oxygen

A

Anaerobes

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24
Q

The lowest concentration that macroscopically inhibits the growth of an organism is the ___________

A

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

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25
Q

What is a Narrow-spectrum Penicillin

A

Penicillin G

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26
Q

What is a Narrow-Spectrum, Acid-Resistant Penicillin

A

Penicillin V

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27
Q

What are the two Beta-Lactamase-Resistant Penicillins

A

Dicloxacillin and Oxacillin

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28
Q

What are the three Broad-Spectrum Penicillins

A

Ampicillin, Hetacillin, and Amoxicillin

29
Q

What class does Cephalexin fall under and what is an indication for this drug.

A

Cephalosporins

Urinary tract infection

30
Q

_________ is the antagonist for all Cephalosporins.

A

Gentamicin

31
Q

Tetracyclines most commonly used in clinical practice are ______, _______, _________, and __________.

A

tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline.

32
Q

What class of drugs would be used to treat rickettsial disease, Lyme disease, or Rocky Mountain spotted-tick fever?

A

Tetracyclines

33
Q

What 3 drugs fall under the aminoglycosides class

A

Kanamycin, Gentamicin, and Streptomycin

34
Q

What class of drugs are most often affective against anaerobic bacteria

A

Aminoglycosides

35
Q

What class of drugs exhibits broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

A

Flouroquinolones

36
Q

What are the three drugs that fall under the Flouroquinolones class

A

Difloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Orbifloxacin

37
Q

What are the two drugs we need to know in the lincosamides class

A

Clindamycin and Lincomycin

38
Q

What class of drugs might we use to treat a patient with a urinary tract infection or coccidiosis

what is a drug we would use from this class

A

Sulfonamides

Sulfadimethoxine

39
Q

Ketoconazole and Miconasole (Monistat) are considered _______ _______ agents.

A

Imidazole Antifungal

40
Q

What is an insecticide that inactivates acetylcholinesterase.

A

Organophosphates

41
Q

_________ is an Avermectin and is used to treat what parasites?

A

Ivermectin = Ancylostoma (hookworms), Toxocaris (roundworms), and D. immitus (heartworms)

42
Q

Piperazine is effective against what parasites

A

Taenia (tapeworm)

Dipylidium (flea tapeworm)

43
Q

Praziquantel is effective for the removal of what parasites?

A

Praziquantal = taenia (tapeworm), Dipylidium (flea tapeworm) per Dr. Cranes handout

book says lung flukes in dogs

44
Q

Epsiprantel is an anti________

A

anticestodal

45
Q

What are the two antiprotozoals we need to know?

A

Ponazuril and sulfadimethoxine

46
Q

What two drugs are used to treat Giardia

A

Metronidazole and Albendazole

47
Q

What is a drug used to treat Babesia

A

Imidocarb (aka Imizol)

48
Q

Imidacloprid + Moxidectin (Advatage multi)
Ivermectin (Heartgard, Heartgard Plus, Heargard for cats)
Milbemycin Oxime (Interceptor, Sentinal)
Selamectin (Revolution)
Moxidectin (ProHeart)

are considered ___________.

A

Preventives

49
Q

List the 5 monthly flea and tick products we discussed in class

A 
Fipronil (Frontline)
Imidacloprid (Advantage)
Imidaclopride and Permethrin (K9 Advantix)
Lufenuron (6 month injectable for cats)
Selamectin (revolution)
50
Q

What do NSAIDs block

A

Cyclooxygenase

51
Q

what is a common side effect of NSAIDs

A

gastrointestinal ulceration

52
Q

what does COX-1 and COX-2 do

A

COX-1 = synthesizes gastric mucosa

COX-2 = promotes formation of prostaglandin

53
Q

What are the 6 Corticosteroids Dr. Crane want us to know?

A 
Hydrocortisone
Prednisone 
Prednisolone 
Methylprednisolone 
Triamcinolone
Dexamethasone
54
Q

What corticosteroid is Short Acting and what is its duration

A

Hydrocortisone (<12hrs)

55
Q

what corticosteroids are Intermediate Acting and what is the duration

A 
(12-36hrs)
Prednisone
Prednisolone                            
Methylprednisolone
Triamcinolone
56
Q

What is the Long Acting corticosteroid and its duration

A

Dexamethasone (>48hrs)

57
Q

Glucocorticoids are _____________ at high doses

A

Immunosuppressive

58
Q

Phenylbutazone

A

(NSAID)
class: Pyrazolone Derivative
Produces: analgesia, antiinflammatory, antipyrexia

lamness and colic for horses

59
Q

Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine)

A

NSAID

blocks COX 2
produces: Analgesia, Antipyrexia, Antiinflammatory

60
Q

Salicylates

A

Aspirin

produces: analgesia, antipyrexia, antiinflammatory, blood thinner

61
Q

What is DMSO

A

Dimethyl Sulfoxide

causes vasodilation when applied topically

62
Q

Acetominophen

why is it toxic to cats

A

Tylenol

produces: analgesia, antiinflammatory, antipyrexia

cats cannot metabolize acetominaphen

63
Q

What drug do we use in vet med that is a Propionic Acid Derivative

A

Carprofen (Rimadyl)

Cox 2 inhibitor

Produces: analgesia

has a half life of 8hrs

64
Q

What drug is an indole acetic acid derivative NSAID

A

Etodolac

produces: analgesia, antiinflammatory

65
Q

What analgesic/NSAID is an agent of the coxib class

A

Derocoxib

66
Q

Meloxicam

A

COX 2 receptor NSAID

produces: analgesia, antiinflammatory, antipyrexia

67
Q

what is a dosage form for Erythropoietin

A

Epogen

used in chronic renal failure

68
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant that prevents clotting factor 2

69
Q

Warfarin

A

Coumarin Derivative

used in rodenticides

70
Q

if an animal eats a rodentacide what is a reversal agent

A

Vitamin K

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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