Pharm: 2nd half drugs Flashcards
Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride produces _________.
What is a dosage form we would use
and what contraindications
Mydriasis and Cycloplegia
Cyclogyl
same as atropine (glaucoma & KCS)
Atropine Sulfate is used to produce ________.
and is contraindicated
Mydriasis and Cycloplegia
glaucoma and KCS
Miotics produce _______.
These drugs are commonly used in the treatment of chronic _______.
pupillary constriction
open-angle glaucoma
Tropicamide is a __________.
what is its clinical use
rapid acting mydriatic with less clycloplegic effect
- used for ocular fundus exam
Pilocarpine is a ________ that is commonly used to treat chronic______.
cholinergic
open-angle glaucoma
Mannitol is an ____________ that is administered intravenously in emergency situations to _________.
osmotic diuretic
reduce intraocular pressure
Topical anesthetics are use to ___________ and to allow the use of instruments to __________.
anesthetize the corneal surface
measure intraocular pressure
Proparacaine Hydrochloride is a commonly used ________ that will last for ______ to ________.
topical anesthetic
5 to 10 mins
What do we use to assist us in Corneal diagnostics
Flourescein Dye
What do we use to test tear production
Schirmer’s tear test
Cyclosporine is used for the management of _______ and _________.
KCS and chronic superficial keratitis
Enroflaxacin is an otic product available in a combination with _______ or _________.
Baytril Otic
BNT
Gentamicin Sulfate is a _____ agent found in ______ preparations.
Clinical uses include the treatment of _______ in dogs.
what are some dosage forms we might use
antibacterial, otic
otitis
Otomax (BID) and Mometamax (SID)
What are the 4 classes of drugs to treat ear conditions
topical otic antiinfective agents
Antiparasitics
Drying agents
Cleaning agents
Otic Rx: What is the diagnosis?
Yeast
Bacterial
Parasitic
Chronic/ Secondary
What is the most common parasite affecting the ear of dogs, cats, and rabbits.
under the microscope what do they look like?
ear mites
white and freely motile
Drying agents are used to reduce _______
moisture in the ear
Ivermectin /Milbemycin has been indicated as an effective treatment for _______ in dogs and cats.
what is the dosage form that we might use
ear mites
Acarexx
__________ and _________is a common solution for flushing the ear canal
warm water, chlorhexidine
what are some dosage forms for ear cleaner solutions we might use
Epi-Otic ear cleanser
AloCetic
gram positive bacteria will stain what color
Dark blue to purple
Gram negative bacteria will stain what color
pink to red
_____ are bacteria that must have oxygen to live and replicate.
Aerobes
_______ are bacteria able to live and multiply without oxygen
Anaerobes
The lowest concentration that macroscopically inhibits the growth of an organism is the ___________
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
What is a Narrow-spectrum Penicillin
Penicillin G
What is a Narrow-Spectrum, Acid-Resistant Penicillin
Penicillin V
What are the two Beta-Lactamase-Resistant Penicillins
Dicloxacillin and Oxacillin
What are the three Broad-Spectrum Penicillins
Ampicillin, Hetacillin, and Amoxicillin
What class does Cephalexin fall under and what is an indication for this drug.
Cephalosporins
Urinary tract infection
_________ is the antagonist for all Cephalosporins.
Gentamicin
Tetracyclines most commonly used in clinical practice are ______, _______, _________, and __________.
tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline.
What class of drugs would be used to treat rickettsial disease, Lyme disease, or Rocky Mountain spotted-tick fever?
Tetracyclines
What 3 drugs fall under the aminoglycosides class
Kanamycin, Gentamicin, and Streptomycin
What class of drugs are most often affective against anaerobic bacteria
Aminoglycosides
What class of drugs exhibits broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Flouroquinolones
What are the three drugs that fall under the Flouroquinolones class
Difloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Orbifloxacin
What are the two drugs we need to know in the lincosamides class
Clindamycin and Lincomycin
What class of drugs might we use to treat a patient with a urinary tract infection or coccidiosis
what is a drug we would use from this class
Sulfonamides
Sulfadimethoxine
Ketoconazole and Miconasole (Monistat) are considered _______ _______ agents.
Imidazole Antifungal
What is an insecticide that inactivates acetylcholinesterase.
Organophosphates
_________ is an Avermectin and is used to treat what parasites?
Ivermectin = Ancylostoma (hookworms), Toxocaris (roundworms), and D. immitus (heartworms)
Piperazine is effective against what parasites
Taenia (tapeworm)
Dipylidium (flea tapeworm)
Praziquantel is effective for the removal of what parasites?
Praziquantal = taenia (tapeworm), Dipylidium (flea tapeworm) per Dr. Cranes handout
book says lung flukes in dogs
Epsiprantel is an anti________
anticestodal
What are the two antiprotozoals we need to know?
Ponazuril and sulfadimethoxine
What two drugs are used to treat Giardia
Metronidazole and Albendazole
What is a drug used to treat Babesia
Imidocarb (aka Imizol)
Imidacloprid + Moxidectin (Advatage multi)
Ivermectin (Heartgard, Heartgard Plus, Heargard for cats)
Milbemycin Oxime (Interceptor, Sentinal)
Selamectin (Revolution)
Moxidectin (ProHeart)
are considered ___________.
Preventives
List the 5 monthly flea and tick products we discussed in class
Fipronil (Frontline) Imidacloprid (Advantage) Imidaclopride and Permethrin (K9 Advantix) Lufenuron (6 month injectable for cats) Selamectin (revolution)
What do NSAIDs block
Cyclooxygenase
what is a common side effect of NSAIDs
gastrointestinal ulceration
what does COX-1 and COX-2 do
COX-1 = synthesizes gastric mucosa
COX-2 = promotes formation of prostaglandin
What are the 6 Corticosteroids Dr. Crane want us to know?
Hydrocortisone Prednisone Prednisolone Methylprednisolone Triamcinolone Dexamethasone
What corticosteroid is Short Acting and what is its duration
Hydrocortisone (<12hrs)
what corticosteroids are Intermediate Acting and what is the duration
(12-36hrs) Prednisone Prednisolone Methylprednisolone Triamcinolone
What is the Long Acting corticosteroid and its duration
Dexamethasone (>48hrs)
Glucocorticoids are _____________ at high doses
Immunosuppressive
Phenylbutazone
(NSAID)
class: Pyrazolone Derivative
Produces: analgesia, antiinflammatory, antipyrexia
lamness and colic for horses
Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine)
NSAID
blocks COX 2
produces: Analgesia, Antipyrexia, Antiinflammatory
Salicylates
Aspirin
produces: analgesia, antipyrexia, antiinflammatory, blood thinner
What is DMSO
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
causes vasodilation when applied topically
Acetominophen
why is it toxic to cats
Tylenol
produces: analgesia, antiinflammatory, antipyrexia
cats cannot metabolize acetominaphen
What drug do we use in vet med that is a Propionic Acid Derivative
Carprofen (Rimadyl)
Cox 2 inhibitor
Produces: analgesia
has a half life of 8hrs
What drug is an indole acetic acid derivative NSAID
Etodolac
produces: analgesia, antiinflammatory
What analgesic/NSAID is an agent of the coxib class
Derocoxib
Meloxicam
COX 2 receptor NSAID
produces: analgesia, antiinflammatory, antipyrexia
what is a dosage form for Erythropoietin
Epogen
used in chronic renal failure
Heparin
Anticoagulant that prevents clotting factor 2
Warfarin
Coumarin Derivative
used in rodenticides
if an animal eats a rodentacide what is a reversal agent
Vitamin K
